Update on
            <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>
            f. sp.
            <i>hominis</i>
            Typing Based on Nucleotide Sequence Variations in Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of rRNA Genes

Lee, Chao Hung; Helweg‐Larsen, Jannik; Tang, Xing; Jin, Shaoling; Li, Baozheng; Bartlett, Marilyn S.; Lu, Jang Jih; Lundgren, Bettina; Lundgren, Jens D; Olsson, Mats Joakim Robert; Lucas, Sebastian; Roux, Patricia; Cargnel, Antonietta; Atzori, Chiara; Matos, Olga; Smith, James W.

doi:10.1128/jcm.36.3.734-741.1998

Cited by 131 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…With respect to ITS types, the present results revealed a significant diversity in both populations because of the high sequence variability in these genomic regions [17,25,27]. The data suggest a probable dominance of ITS type Eg in the Portuguese population, as reported previously [17], but the second most common ITS type in the Portuguese population was Cg, followed by Gg, which is in contrast to previous findings [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…For both groups, PCR products were digested with AccI and HaeIII (Fermentas, Glen Burnie, MD, USA) to detect polymorphisms at codons 55 and 57 [9,13]. ITS regions were amplified by nested PCR for both groups of samples, with 1724F2 and ITS2R as external primers, and ITS-FX [27] and ITS-RX (5¢-GTTCAGCGGGTGATCCTGC) (kindly provided by C.-H. Lee) as internal primers, yielding an amplicon of 550 bp. Amplification products were purified using a Jetquick PCR purification spin kit.…”

Section: Detection Of P Jiroveciimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several polymorphic loci have been studied in order to clarify the epidemiological profile of P. jirovecii, with particular respect to its virulence, drug resistance and modes of transmission. The mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA (mtLSU rRNA), the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene and the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the nuclear rRNA operon are among these loci [12][13][14][15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ITS1 and ITS2 show the highest level of sequence variation in P. jirovecii and are considered to be the most discriminatory DNA regions for genotyping studies. According to the nomenclature of Lee et al [27], 16 different DNA ITS1 sequences and 15 different ITS2 sequences have been described, with a total of 60 different combined types being reported from among a theoretical total of 240 [24,25,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pneumocystis jirovecii multilocus genotyping profiles in patients from Portugal and Spain

Esteves¹,

Montes-Cano

Horra

et al. 2008

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Pneumonia caused by the opportunistic organism Pneumocystis jirovecii is a clinically important infection affecting AIDS and other immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed to compare and characterise the frequency pattern of DNA sequences from the P. jirovecii mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA (mtLSU rRNA) gene, the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear rRNA operon in specimens from Lisbon (Portugal) and Seville (Spain). Total DNA was extracted and used for specific molecular sequence analysis of the three loci. In both populations, mtLSU rRNA gene analysis revealed an overall prevalence of genotype 1. In the Portuguese population, genotype 2 was the second most common, followed by genotype 3. Inversely, in the Spanish population, genotype 3 was the second most common, followed by genotype 2. The DHPS wild-type sequence was the genotype observed most frequently in both populations, and the DHPS genotype frequency pattern was identical to distribution patterns revealed in other European studies. ITS types showed a significant diversity in both populations because of the high sequence variability in these genomic regions. The most prevalent ITS type in the Portuguese population was Eg, followed by Cg. In contrast to other European studies, Bi was the most common ITS type in the Spanish samples, followed by Eg. A statistically significant association between mtLSU rRNA genotype 1 and ITS type Eg was revealed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Detection Of P Jiroveciimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pneumocystis jirovecii multilocus genotyping profiles in patients from Portugal and Spain

Esteves¹,

Montes-Cano

Horra

et al. 2008

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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show abstract

“…Consequently, human Pneumocystis can be named P. carinii (Latouche et al 1994), P. carinii f. sp. hominis (Lee et al 1998), and P. jirovecii (Frenkel 1999). In addition, confusion is caused by using the incorrect spelling P. jiroveci instead of P. jirovecii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding your Way Through Pneumocystis Sequences in the NCBI Gene Database

Weissenbacher‐Lang

Nedorost

Weissenböck

2014

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Pneumocystis sequences can be downloaded from GenBank for purposes as primer/probe design or phylogenetic studies. Due to changes in nomenclature and assignment, available sequences are presented with a variety of inhomogeneous information, which renders practical utilization difficult. The aim of this study was the descriptive evaluation of different parameters of 532 Pneumocystis sequences of mitochondrial and ribosomal origin downloaded from GenBank with regard to completeness and information content. Pneumocystis sequences were characterized by up to four different names. Official changes in nomenclature have only been partly implemented and the usage of the "forma specialis", a special feature of Pneumocystis, has only been established fragmentary in the database. Hints for a mitochondrial or ribosomal genomic origin could be found, but can easily be overlooked, which renders the download of wrong reference material possible. The specification of the host was either not available or variable regarding the used language and the localization of this information in the title or several subtitles, which limits their applicability in phylogenetic studies. Declaration of products and geographic origin was incomplete. The print version of this manuscript is completed by an online database which contains detailed information to every accession number included in the meta-analysis.

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New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Pneumocystis carinii</EMPH> Pneumonia

Kovacs

Gill²,

Meshnick

et al. 2001

JAMA

201

106

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Pneumocystis carinii has been recognized as a human pathogen for nearly 50 years. We present a case of P carinii infection that typifies clinical presentation in the era of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. The high incidence of P carinii pneumonia in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has served to focus laboratory and clinical research efforts on better understanding the biology of the organism and on improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. Although inability to culture P carinii has hampered research efforts, molecular and immunologic approaches have led to the recognition that the organism represents a family of fungi with a very restricted host range and have allowed characterization of clinically relevant antigens and enzymes. Molecular epidemiologic studies have identified more than 50 strains of human-derived P carinii and have suggested that recently acquired infection, as opposed to reactivation of latent infection, may account for many cases of clinical disease. Diagnosis has been improved by the development of organism-specific monoclonal antibodies and, more recently, by polymerase chain reaction using multicopy gene targets, together with induced sputum or oral wash samples. Chemotherapeutic prophylaxis is very effective in preventing P carinii pneumonia; the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the first-line agent for both therapy and prophylaxis. Prophylaxis needs to be administered only during periods of high risk; in HIV-infected patients responding to effective antiretroviral therapies, prophylaxis no longer needs to be lifelong. Molecular studies have identified mutations in the target of sulfa drugs that appear to represent emerging resistance in P carinii. Resistance to atovaquone, a second-line agent, may also be developing.

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Update on Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis Typing Based on Nucleotide Sequence Variations in Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of rRNA Genes

Cited by 131 publications

References 19 publications

Pneumocystis jirovecii multilocus genotyping profiles in patients from Portugal and Spain

Pneumocystis jirovecii multilocus genotyping profiles in patients from Portugal and Spain

Finding your Way Through Pneumocystis Sequences in the NCBI Gene Database

New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Pneumocystis carinii</EMPH> Pneumonia

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