Update on gout and hyperuricemia

Baker, Joshua F.; Schumacher, H. Ralph

doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02188.x

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…90,91 However, there is evidence of a potential association between the plasma concentration of uric acid, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. [92][93][94][95][96] This situation can be explained by the hyperactivity of xanthine oxidase found in hypertension. 21,27 Exogenous antioxidants Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a potent water-soluble antioxidant.…”

Section: Endogenous Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension

2011

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Hypertension is considered to be the most important risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. An increasing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which results in an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The modulation of the vasomotor system involves ROS as mediators of vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and urotensin-II, among others. The bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is a major vasodilator, is highly dependent on the redox status. Under physiological conditions, low concentrations of intracellular ROS have an important role in the normal redox signaling maintaining vascular function and integrity. However, under pathophysiological conditions, increased levels of ROS contribute to vascular dysfunction and remodeling through oxidative damage. In human hypertension, an increase in the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, a decrease in NO synthesis and a reduction in antioxidant bioavailability have been observed. In turn, antioxidants are reducing agents that can neutralize these oxidative and otherwise damaging biomolecules. The use of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E, has gained considerable interest as protecting agents against vascular endothelial damage. Available data support the role of these vitamins as effective antioxidants that can counteract ROS effects. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in ROS generation, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vascular damage in hypertension, and the possible therapeutic strategies that could prevent or treat this disorder. Hypertension Research (2011) 34, 431-440; doi:10.1038/hr.2010.264; published online 13 January 2011Keywords: antioxidants; endothelial dysfunction; oxidative stress INTRODUCTION Hypertension is considered the most important risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. 1 Oxidative stress has gained attention as one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have an important role in the homeostasis of the vascular wall; hence, they could be part of the mechanism that leads to hypertension. 2-4 Thus, increased ROS production, reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced antioxidant bioavailability were demonstrated in experimental and human hypertension. Vascular superoxide is primarily derived from nicotinamide adenine dineucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase when stimulated by hormones, such as angiotensin II (AT-II), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and urotensin II. In addition, increased ROS production may be generated by mechanical stimuli on the vascular wall, which increase with hypertension. ROS-induced vasoconstriction results from increased intracellular calcium concentration, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension. 2 Vasomotor tone is dependent on a delicate balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator forces that result from the interaction between the components of...

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Section: Endogenous Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension

2011

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“…Cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), have been found in symptomatic joints of arthritic patients and have been implicated in acute gouty arthritic 11,16 . The goals of gouty arthritis treatment are anti-inflammatory therapy to manage the significant pain, swelling, and disability associated with acute attacks 17,18 . The trial drugs Amrita Guggulu and Pinda Taila have proved to be anti-gout, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic, as these combinations have produced statistically significant (Twak Vaivarnya), in the patients registered for the current trial along with reduction in marker of hyperuricemia i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open Label Efficacy Study of Amrita Guggulu and Pinda Taila in the Management of Hyperuricemia in Gout (Vatarakta) Patients

Rajesh¹,

Padhi²,

Singh³

et al. 2017

Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences

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Background: Vatarakta vis-à-vis gout is a common condition in both primary care and specialist practice. Gout is a systemic disease characterized by manifestations of chronic under lying hyperuricemia, resulting in the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in various tissues. Gout is the most common of the crystal induced arthritis due to disturbed uric acid metabolism and precipitation of urate crystals in extracellular space of joints, periarticular tissue, bones, and other organs.

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“…The patient profile will determine the agent of choice. [5][6][7] Intra-articular steroids are also effective in the acute attack, but have not been well studied. They are favoured in acute monoarthritis after aspirating the joint to dryness.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gout and hyperuricaemia

Abrahams

2015

S Afr Med J

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Update on gout and hyperuricemia

Cited by 52 publications

References 57 publications

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension

An Open Label Efficacy Study of Amrita Guggulu and Pinda Taila in the Management of Hyperuricemia in Gout (Vatarakta) Patients

Gout and hyperuricaemia

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