Update on feline calicivirus: new trends

Hurley, Kate; Sykes, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00025-1

Cited by 55 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…More recently, and more worryingly, highly virulent strains of FCV have emerged that are associated with outbreaks of disease with high mortality and a new range of clinical features (FCV-associated virulent systemic disease (VSD) -previously haemorrhagic-like fever) [42,43,77,95]. This is reminiscent of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most outbreaks of FCV-associated VSD have been associated with the introduction of cats from large rescue colonies into another population [43]. It is possible that the high levels of replication of normal FCV strains in large groups of cats such as rescue shelters may provide the required conditions necessary for the independent emergence of these hypervirulent strains.…”

Section: Fcv-associated Virulent Systemic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is certainly true that not all cats die in each outbreak. Some have suggested an immunemediated contribution to the pathogenesis for FCV-associated VSD [15,28], partly based on the fact that adult cats seem to develop more severe disease than young animals [43]. A possible immune-mediated pathogenesis has been shown for other FCV infections such as lameness [4], and in some cases, vaccination appears to potentiate FCV infection [17].…”

Section: Fcv-associated Virulent Systemic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline calicivirus

et al. 2007

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-Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of cats. It belongs to the family Caliciviridae which includes other significant pathogens of man and animals. As an RNA virus, high polymerase error rates convey upon FCV a high genome plasticity, and allow the virus to respond rapidly to environmental selection pressures. This makes the virus very adaptable and has important implications for clinical disease and its control. Being genetically diverse, FCV is associated with a range of clinical syndromes from inapparent infections to relatively mild oral and upper respiratory tract disease with or without acute lameness. More recently, highly virulent forms of the virus have emerged associated with a systemic infection that is frequently fatal. A proportion of FCV infected cats that recover from acute disease, remain persistently infected. In such cats, virus evolution is believed to help the virus to evade the host immune response. Such longterm carriers may only represent a minority of the feline population but are likely to be crucial to the epidemiology of the virus. Vaccination against FCV has been available for many years and has effectively reduced the incidence of clinical disease. However, the vaccines do not prevent infection and vaccinated cats can still become persistently infected. In addition, FCV strain variability means that not all strains are protected against equally. Much progress has been made in understanding the biology and pathogenesis of this important feline virus. Challenges for the future will necessarily focus on how to control the variability of this virus particularly in relation to emerging virulent strains and vaccination.

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Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fcv-associated Virulent Systemic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fcv-associated Virulent Systemic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline calicivirus

et al. 2007

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“…12,18 The very high environmental resistance of parvoviruses and the fecal-oral infection route may explain the high antibody frequency found for FPV in captivity (70%). In the present study, it was found that FPV or antigenic similar viruses were ubiquitous in captive settings in Brazil as well as in the wild.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surveillance using serological and molecular methods for the detection of infectious agents in captive Brazilian neotropic and exotic felids

et al. 2011

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The aim of the current study was to investigate the exposure of captive wild felids to various infectious pathogens using serological and molecular methods. One hundred and fifty-nine neotropic felids and 51 exotic felids from 28 captive settings in Brazil were tested. While antibodies against Feline parvovirus and Feline coronavirus (FCoV), Feline calicivirus and Bartonella spp. were frequently detected by serologic tests, antibodies against Felid herpesvirus 1 or infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas were less prevalent. Serologic evidence of exposure to Ehrlichia spp., Feline immunodeficiency virus, and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was detected rarely, and infections with FeLV, Ehrlichia spp., and Cytauxzoon spp. were found infrequently. The detected Bartonella sequence was molecularly similar to B. koehlerae and B. henselae; for Cytauxzoon, the sequence resembled those from domestic cats. No Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. infections were detected. The positive test results varied significantly among different facilities and species. Additionally, FCoV seropositivity was more prevalent in captivity than in free-ranging populations. Results suggest that testing is appropriate prior to relocation of felids.

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“…One of the serotypes of San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV), belonging to the Vesivirus genus, has a list of several natural hosts, including five genera of seals, cattle, three genera of whales, donkeys, foxes, and humans (10,11). A zoonotic potential of SMSV and feline calicivirus (FCV), a member of the Vesivirus genus and a major causative agent of upper respiratory and hemorrhagic diseases in cats (12), is suggested by reports of human antibody against these viruses (10,11,13). Our aim in this study was to provide a structural characterization of a prototype vesivirus and examine the extent of structural complementarity between animal and human caliciviruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray structure of a native calicivirus: Structural insights into antigenic diversity and host specificity

Chen¹,

Neill

Estes

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

162

153

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Caliciviruses, grouped into four genera, are important human and veterinary pathogens with a potential for zoonosis. In these viruses, capsid-related functions such as assembly, antigenicity, and receptor interactions are predominantly encoded in a single protein that forms an icosahedral capsid. Understanding of the immunologic functions and pathogenesis of human caliciviruses in the Norovirus and Sapovirus genera is hampered by the lack of a cell culture system or animal models. Much of our understanding of these viruses, including the structure, has depended on recombinant capsids. Here we report the atomic structure of a native calicivirus from the Vesivirus genus that exhibits a broad host range possibly including humans and map immunological function onto a calicivirus structure. The vesivirus structure, despite a similar architectural design as seen in the recombinant norovirus capsid, exhibits novel features and indicates how the unique modular organization of the capsid protein with interdomain flexibility, similar to an antibody structure with a hinge and an elbow, integrates capsid-related functions and facilitates strain diversity in caliciviruses. The internally located N-terminal arm participates in a novel network of interactions through domain swapping to assist the assembly of the shell domain into an icosahedral scaffold, from which the protruding domain emanates. Neutralization epitopes localize to three hypervariable loops in the distal portion of the protruding domain surrounding a region that exhibits host-specific conservation. These observations suggest a mechanism for antigenic diversity and host specificity in caliciviruses and provide a structural framework for vaccine development.neutralization epitopes ͉ norovirus ͉ vesivirus

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Update on feline calicivirus: new trends

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Feline calicivirus

Feline calicivirus

Surveillance using serological and molecular methods for the detection of infectious agents in captive Brazilian neotropic and exotic felids

X-ray structure of a native calicivirus: Structural insights into antigenic diversity and host specificity

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