Update on epidemiology of HCV in Italy: focus on the Calabria Region

Marascio, Nadia; Liberto, Maria Carla; Barreca, Giorgio Settimo; Zicca, Emilia; Quirino, Angela; Lamberti, Angelo Giuseppe; Bianco, Giovanna; Matera, Giovanni; Surace, Lorenzo; Berardelli, G; Surace, L.; Maria, Vincenzo De; Giancotti, Francesca R.; Leone, Rosa; Villella, Vilma; Nisticò, Salvatore; Borelli, Annelisa; Caruso, Vincenzina; Calderazzo, Massimo; Griffo, Gianfranco; Masciari, Rosanna; Minchella, Pasquale; Cosco, Lucio; Laganà, Carmelo; Oliva, Ângela Donato; Foti, Giuseppe; Fiorillo, Maria Teresa; Bocchiaro, Giuseppa Lo; Surace, Pasquale; Ciccaglione, Anna Rita; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Cesario, Francesco; Torti, Carlo; Focà, Alfredo

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-s5-s2

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Genotype 1b, historically the most prevalent in this area and in the whole of Italy, remains the most common (55.3%), followed by genotype 2 (23.7%), prevalently subgenotype 2a/2c. In genotype 2 we encountered a subtyping rate that is not very high; these data reflect literature findings [21,22] and does not affect the goal of our work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Subtypes in the Metropolitan Area of Naples, Italy, in the Era of Interferon-Free Regimens

Grimaldi

Pepa²,

Martora³

et al. 2017

Intervirology

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Aims: The objective of this work was to study the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and subtypes from 2010 to 2015 in 1,221 anti-HCV/HCV-RNA-positive specimens from patients living in the metropolitan area of Naples, since HCV genotypes and subtypes remain cornerstones in the management of chronic HCV infection even in the directly acting antivirals era. Methods: The study was carried out on 1,221 anti-HCV/HCV-RNA-positive plasma samples collected between April 2010 and December 2015. Results: Of the 1,221 patients enrolled, 633 (51.9%) were males and 588 (48.1%) were females, with a mean age of 60 ± 13 (SD) years. The most frequent HCV genotype observed was genotype 1 (68.1%; 1b in 55.3% and 1a in 9.5%); HCV genotype 2 was found in 289 samples (23.67%), genotype 3 in 6.47%, genotype 4 in only 19 samples, and only 2 samples were classified as genotype 5. The mean age of the patients with genotype 1a or 3 was lower (51 ± 12 and 49 ± 12 years, respectively) than those with genotype 1b (62 ± 11, p < 0.0001 for both) or 2 (62 ± 14, p < 0.0001 for both). Conclusions: The data from the present study suggest that HCV genotype 1b remains the most prevalent in this area, followed by genotype 2, 1a, and 3a.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Subtypes in the Metropolitan Area of Naples, Italy, in the Era of Interferon-Free Regimens

Grimaldi

Pepa²,

Martora³

et al. 2017

Intervirology

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“…This genotype is mainly associated with females and mostly detected in older patients. Higher proportions of G2 are typical of Albania and Italy, especially in Southern areas . Although some hypothesis suggest that G2 was probably introduced in Italy as a consequence of Albanian campaign during Second World War, it is likely that the migration fluxes from Albania to Italy in the 90s may have increased its prevalence in the Southern Italy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in nine selected European countries: A systematic review

Petruzziello

Loquercio

Sabatino

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem especially for its increasing level of mortality. Detailed knowledge of HCV genotypes prevalence has clinical relevance since the efficacy of therapies is impacted by genotypes and subtypes distribution. Moreover, HCV exhibits a great genetic variability regionally.To date, there are no published studies assessing HCV genotypes distribution in specific countries of the Mediterranean basin. The aim of this study was to review data published from 2000 to 2017 with the purpose to estimate genotypes distribution of HCV infection in nine European countries all located in the Mediterranean basin.MethodsA systematic research of peer‐reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases selected if containing data regarding distribution of HCV genotypes in nine selected European countries (Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia, and Spain) was performed.ResultsGenotype 1 is the most common (61.0%), ranging from 80.0% in Croatia to 46.0% in Greece, followed by genotype 3 (20.0%), varying from 38.0% in Slovenia to 7.0% and 8.0%, respectively, in Italy and in Albania and by genotype 4 (10.0%) that shows an increase of 1.1% with respect to data obtained till 2014 probably due to the increasing migrants arrivals to Southern Europe. G2, the fourth most frequent genotype (8.5%), particularly common in Italy (27.0%) and Albania (18.0%) might be probably introduced in Southern Italy as a result of Albanian campaign during Second World War and more and more increased by the migration flows from Albania to Italy in the 90s.ConclusionEpidemiology of HCV infection shows a high variability across the European countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. HCV genotyping is a relevant tool to monitor the dynamic process influenced by both evolving transmission trends and new migration flows on HCV scenario.

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“…If considered in an international context, Italy shows a moderate prevalence of anti-HCV in the population, except for the Southern regions where the infection is endemic and the HCV prevalence ranges from 6% to 12% [35,36]. As we previously described, genotype 1b, historically the most prevalent not only in Italy but in the whole of Europe, is the most common genotype also in Southern Italy, followed by genotype 2 [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes distribution among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Southern Italy: a three year retrospective study

Petruzziello

Marigliano

Loquercio

et al. 2017

Infect Agents Cancer

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major cause for cancer in the world. Aim of this casecontrol study was to investigate the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes among HCC patients and suggest whether infection with specific subtypes may be associated with an increased risk of progression to cancer. Methods: 152 HCC anti-HCV positive patients, fulfilling the criteria from the Barcelona 2000 EASL conference, and 568 patients HCV chronically infected but without HCC as control group were included in the study. Serum of each patient was evaluated for viral load estimation and genotyping. Results: Males with HCC significantly showed to have quite 2 times higher risk of exposure to HCV infection (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.15-2.58). Moreover, HCC was significantly associated with older age. In fact, > 50 years older patients showed to have a higher risk of developing HCC (OR = 17.4; 95% CI = 4.24 to 71.36) compared to younger patients. HCV RNA rate was significantly higher (83.7%) among HCC patients than in the control group (61.4%, p < 0.001) and the most prevalent genotype was 1b (68.0% in HCC vs 54.4% in the control group, p < 0.005). HCC patients significantly have a risk of exposure to HCV 1b infection almost 2 times greater than the control group (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.11-2.82). The multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) of developing HCC for HCV 1b comparing to non-1b was 1.65 (1.16-2.33). Conclusions: Our study detected a significantly higher rate of HCV RNA positivity and a higher rate of HCV 1b infection in HCC patients, suggesting the strict association between subtype 1b infection and HCC. A prospective study with larger number of samples would be needed to confirm our results.

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Update on epidemiology of HCV in Italy: focus on the Calabria Region

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Subtypes in the Metropolitan Area of Naples, Italy, in the Era of Interferon-Free Regimens

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Subtypes in the Metropolitan Area of Naples, Italy, in the Era of Interferon-Free Regimens

Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in nine selected European countries: A systematic review

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes distribution among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Southern Italy: a three year retrospective study

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