Update on Diseases and Treatment of the Pharynx

Chesen, A. Berkley; Whitfield-Cargile, Canaan

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.001

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…This has been more easily achieved with the advent of over-ground endoscopy. Various authors state that there is strong evidence that head and neck position influences the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate and palatal instability [32][33][34][35], which is in agreement with the results obtained in the present study. Rakesh et al (2008) showed that this was due to the most significant collapsing pressure being exerted on the floor of the rostral aspect of the nasopharynx during inhalation [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of a 15° Variation in Poll Flexion during Riding on the Respiratory Systems and Behaviour of High-Level Dressage and Show-Jumping Horses

Tilley

Simões

Luis

2023

Animals

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From previous studies, the International Society for Equitation Science has advised that further research be conducted on the physiological/psychological effects of less-exacerbated poll flexion angles. We aimed to evaluate the effects of two riding poll flexion positions with a difference of only 15° on the respiratory systems and behaviour of horses through an evaluation of dynamic airway collapse via over-ground endoscopy, the pharyngeal diameter, pleural pressure, arterial oxygenation and lactate, HR/RR, and the occurrence of conflict behaviours. Twenty high-level dressage and twenty show-jumping horses underwent a 40 min ridden test at a ground angle of 85°; 3 weeks later, they underwent a ridden test at a 100° ground angle (the angle between the ground and the line from the forehead to the muzzle) and in a cross-over design. Using a mixed model for repeated measures, Wilcoxon/Friedman tests were carried out according to the experimental design and/or error normality. For both groups, at 100°, conflict behaviours and upper airway tract abnormalities were significantly more frequent, and the pleural pressure was higher, and the pharyngeal diameter was lower. At 85°, relaxation behaviours were significantly more frequent. Lactate was significantly higher at 100° only in the dressage horses. Compared to the first test at 85°, the HR/RR were significantly lower at the beginning of the second test (at 100°) but higher at the end. The significant differences identified in these dressage and show-jumping horses support the idea that an increase of just 15° in riding poll flexion can have negative effects on the respiratory system and behaviour of a horse and therefore on its welfare.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of a 15° Variation in Poll Flexion during Riding on the Respiratory Systems and Behaviour of High-Level Dressage and Show-Jumping Horses

Tilley

Simões

Luis

2023

Animals

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“…Epiglottis-overlying soft palate may cause the narrowing of the caudal nasopharyngeal area, resulting in high negative pressure. Similar to this condition, dorsal displacement of the soft palate in equines obstructs the normal airflow, resulting in more severe dynamic obstruction of the upper respiratory tract [ 5 ]. Moreover, the epiglottis may block the upward movement of the soft palate when it is located above the soft palate, causing lower nasopharyngeal collapsibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic computed tomography evaluation of the nasopharynx in normal Beagle dogs

Noh

Choi

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Pharyngeal collapsibility has been used as diagnostic criteria in dogs, whereas the normal range and quantitative method have not been studied. Dynamic and static computed tomography (CT) was performed in 23 normal Beagle dogs to quantify the nasopharyngeal collapsibility at different locations. Using dynamic CT, maximum and minimum nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured at the level of the cranial end of the soft palate, pterygoid hamulus, foramen lacerum, bony labyrinth, and caudal end of the soft palate. The ratio of all maximum and minimum CSA to nasopharyngeal CSA at the level of the caudal hard palate (rCSAmax and rCSAmin) and the nasopharyngeal collapsibility were calculated. The differences of rCSAmax, rCSAmin, and nasopharyngeal collapsibility were analyzed at various locations. The nasopharyngeal collapsibility at the level of foramen lacerum, bony labyrinth, and caudal end of soft palate were higher than the others. At the level of the caudal end of the soft palate, rCSAmin was lower than that of the foramen lacerum and bony labyrinth, whereas rCSAmax at foramen lacerum was higher than that of the caudal end of the soft palate. These results indicated that the nasopharynx at the level of foramen lacerum and caudal end of the soft palate were considered notable locations for evaluating collapsibility. Dynamic CT could show the nasopharyngeal dynamic profile and will be an adequate modality for evaluating nasopharynx. Our results will be helpful for further comparative studies in dogs with and without nasopharyngeal collapse.

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“…Большинство заболеваний глотки обусловливают выраженную экономическую нагрузку на систему здраво охранения и общество в целом. Клиническая картина при патологии глотки характеризуется ярко выраженными симптомами и во многом определяется индивидуальны ми особенностями больного [1,3,5,6]. Клиническими…”

Section: эпидемиология и социальная значимость заболеваний вовлекающи...unclassified

Possibilities of phytopreparations in treatment of patients with pharyngeal pathology

et al. 2022

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Patients with infectious- inflammatory diseases of the pharynx make up a significant percentage on the intake of otorhinolaryngologists and therapists. Most pharyngeal diseases have pronounced clinical signs, have a significant impact on the performance and quality of life of patients, and have a fairly high risk of a complicated course. It is important for such patients to therapeutically provide relief of pain syndrome and stop inflammatory changes. Pharyngeal diseases and their consequences place a pronounced economic burden on the health system and society as a whole. Timely and correctly selected treatment contributes to a favorable resolution of the pathological process, against the background of preserving the protective functions of the pharyngeal mucosa and is economically feasible. Herbal preparations are effective drugs for this purpose. Phytopreparations have long been actively used in clinical practice due to their effectiveness, safety and accessibility. According to the literature, the administration of herbal preparations as monotherapy in patients with acute infectious and inflammatory pharyngeal diseases was found to be a highly effective way of treatment. The active ingredients, chamomile, marshmallow and horsetail contribute to the improvement of the body’s nonspecific defences due to enhancement of phagocytic activity of macrophages and granulocytes. Polysaccharides, essential oils and bioflavonoids of chamomile, marshmallow and yarrow have an anti-inflammatory effect and reduce oedema of the respiratory tract mucous membrane. In addition to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, herbal preparations have an immunomodulatory effect, which is particularly important because infectious inflammation, trauma, chronic stress entail a secondary immunodeficiency condition. Unnecessary prescriptions of antibacterial drugs, deterioration of the ecological situation contribute to the development of this condition. The immunomodulating effect of phytopreparations is promising not only in the treatment of upper respiratory tract pathology, but also in the secondary prophylaxis and the prevention of chronization of inflammation processes.

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Update on Diseases and Treatment of the Pharynx

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of a 15° Variation in Poll Flexion during Riding on the Respiratory Systems and Behaviour of High-Level Dressage and Show-Jumping Horses

Effects of a 15° Variation in Poll Flexion during Riding on the Respiratory Systems and Behaviour of High-Level Dressage and Show-Jumping Horses

Dynamic computed tomography evaluation of the nasopharynx in normal Beagle dogs

Possibilities of phytopreparations in treatment of patients with pharyngeal pathology

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