Update on Canine Parvovirus Infection: A Review from the Literature

Mia, Md. Mukthar; Hasan, Mahamudul

doi:10.17582/journal.vsrr/2021.7.2.92.100

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…The canine parvovirus (CPV) belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus of the Parvoviridae family and is one of the smallest known viruses. The CPV has a non-enveloped icosahedral structure that contains a linear, non-segmented, negative sense, single-stranded DNA genome with 5,323 bases [ 1 2 ]. This genome encodes three structural proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) and two non-structural (NS) proteins (NS1 and NS2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Ulas,

Ozkanlar,

Ozkanlar

et al. 2024

J Vet Sci

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Background Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the treatment may result in a higher survival. Objectives This study evaluated the effects of antiviral treatments with a standardized treatment (ST) on the clinical and inflammatory response of dogs with naturally occurring CPE. Methods Twenty-eight dogs with CPE caused by canine parvovirus type 2 were divided randomly into treatment groups. The ST group received fluid, antibiotic, antiemetic, and deworming treatments. The antiviral treatment groups received the same ST with an additional antiviral drug, recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω), oseltamivir (OSEL) or famciclovir (FAM). Results Compared to the healthy control, the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein values were high ( p < 0.05) on day zero. At presentation, mild lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR) were also observed. Adding rFeIFN-ω to the ST produced the best improvement in the clinical score with a decreased NLR, while leucocytes remained low and inflammatory markers stayed high on day three. The survival rates of the groups were 85.7% in ST+IFN, 71.4% in ST+OSEL, 71.4% in ST+FAM, and 57.1% in ST groups on day seven. Conclusions Antiviral drugs may be valuable in treating CPE to improve the clinical signs and survival. In addition, the decrease in NLR in favor of LYM may be an indicator of the early prognosis before the improvement of leukocytes, cytokines, and acute phase proteins in CPE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Ulas,

Ozkanlar,

Ozkanlar

et al. 2024

J Vet Sci

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Antiviral activity of canine interferon lambda 3 expressed using a recombinant adenovirus against canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus

Kim

Han

et al. 2022

Vet Res Commun

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Canine Parvovirus and Canine Influenza Virus Infections in Pet Dogs in Dhaka District of Bangladesh

Bhattacharjee¹,

Rahman²,

Sarker³

et al. 2021

JVMOHR

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Background: There are approximately 1.6 million dogs in Bangladesh and almost 83% of these dogs live on the street and accordingly 17.0% dog population are kept as pet mostly in the metropolitan cities with major population in Dhaka, Chottogram and Sylhet in Bangladesh. Some promiscuous research findings on Canine parvovirus enteritis (PVE) and Canine influenza virus (CIV) have been reported in inland literature. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of canine parvovirus and canine influenza virus infections in dogs supported with brief review for future direction of research and prevention Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 173 pet dogs for the prevalence of CIV and 70 dogs for CPV infections of different breed, age and gender by collecting nasal swab samples for CIV and rectal swabs for CPV infection. Each of the collected nasal swabs was tested by RapiGen Canine influenza Ag test kit and rectal swab samples with RapiGen Canine parvovirus Ag test kit (RapiGen INC., South Korea, 2012). Chi-square test was used detect the significance of risk factors of the infections in dogs. Results: All the 173 nasal swabs of pet dogs collected from different thanas of the Dhaka district showed negative with RapiGen CIV Ag test kit test. Out of four published reports on the prevalence of CIV infection in dogs, of which two reports showed 10.71 to 13.33% prevalence rate of CIV whereas two reports (including this one) showed negative result with the same test. An overall 7.14% prevalence of CPV infection in pet dogs was recorded in this study. The prevalence of CPV in relation to breed was found 22.22% in German shepherd and 2.86% in Labrador whereas local, Bull mastiff and Samoyed breeds found negative for CPV infection. The higher prevalence of CPV infection was recorded in puppies up to six months of age (14.81%) than in growing dogs aged between >6 to 12 months (7.14%) whereas adult (>1 to 2 years) and older (> 2 years) dogs found negative to this infection. Comparatively higher prevalence of CPV infection was detected in male (8.33%) than in female (5.88%) dogs. No CPV infection was recorded in vaccinated dogs, whereas 19.23% unvaccinated dogs affected with this infection. All the rectal swab samples of apparently healthy dogs (no sign of diarrhea) showed negative to CPV infection, whereas 25.0% dogs with diarrhea sign found positive to CPV infection. Review of inland literature reveals that out of nine articles published on CPV infection of which RapiGen CPV Ag test kit has been used in four, PCR in one and clinical method of diagnosis in four articles, whereas only RapiGen CIV Ag test kit has been used for the diagnosis of CIV infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of CPE associated with diarrhea in 7.14% pet dogs has been recognized in this investigation with supports of earlier reports whereas the prevalence of CIV in pet dogs varied widely from negative to 13.33% prevalence in dogs. Age and vaccination of dogs have been recognized as primary risk factors which should be considered in planning a control program whereas others factors like breeds, season, geographical areas can be considered as secondary risk factors varied widely in different reports and countries. Comparative evaluation of different diagnostic tests to find out the ‘gold standard’ and vaccination against CPI in puppies may be suggested to control this disease in dogs. Keywords: Prevalence, Risk factors, CIV, CPV, Dogs, Breeds, Dhaka district, RapiGen Ag test kit, Brief review

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Update on Canine Parvovirus Infection: A Review from the Literature

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Antiviral activity of canine interferon lambda 3 expressed using a recombinant adenovirus against canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Canine Parvovirus and Canine Influenza Virus Infections in Pet Dogs in Dhaka District of Bangladesh

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