Update on Cacodylic Acid, The Major Component of Agent Blue

Young, Alvin L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08187-3_5

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Young [46] in a recently (2022) revised chapter re-stated the 1970s NAS findings and more recent Institute of Medicine information: "Agent Blue was an organic arsenical as cacodylic acid and sodium and once in contract with the soil it would have been bound within the soil matrix making it immobile, but slowly converting to volatile alkyl arsine and released into the atmosphere. In rice fields sprayed with Agent Blue, anaerobic conditions would have dominated and the conversion of the cacodylic acid and sodium cacodylate to alkyl arsine would have been even faster, 61% in 24 weeks.…”

Section: Fate Of Cacodylic Acid Applied To Tropical Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arsenic was not tightly bound to the soil matrix and immobilized as scientists at the National Academy of Science had claimed in 1970s. The Institute of Medicine information, based on out-of-date science and cited by Young [46], also needs to be updated and corrected.…”

Section: Fate Of Cacodylic Acid Applied To Tropical Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young in a recently revised chapter [46] stated: "The toxicity of the active ingredients, the acid and sodium salt of cacodylic acid, were considered low (LD50 of 2600 mg/kg in the rat). In man, these active ingredients were rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine.…”

Section: Health Effects Of Cacodylic Acid On Animals and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and Analysis: Fate of Arsenic Applied to Canal Shipping Lane Vegetation and United States Military Base Grounds in the Panama Canal Zone

Olson

2023

OJSS

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The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 increased the availability of internationally traded goods and transformed ocean-shipping by shortening travel time between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The canal sparked the growth of port authorities and increased ship tonnage on both coasts of Panama. Since the construction of the Panama Canal, in the 1910s, pesticides, herbicides and chemicals, including arsenic, have been essential for controlling wetland vegetation, including hyacinth, which blocked rivers, lakes, and the canal as well as managing mosquitoes. Pesticides and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun (reservoir) either attached to sediment or in solution during the monsoon season. Lake Gatun was the drinking water source for most of the people living in the Panama Canal Zone. The United States military base commanders had the ability to order and use cacodylic acid (arsenic based) from the Naval Depot Supply Federal and Stock Catalog and the later Federal Supply Catalog on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. Cacodylic acid was shipped to Panama Canal Zone ports, including Balboa and Cristobal, and distributed to the military bases by rail or truck. The objective of this study is to determine the fate of arsenic: 1) applied between 1914 and 1935 to Panama Canal shipping lane hyacinth and other wetland vegetation and 2) cacodylic acid (arsenic) sprayed from 1948 to 1999 on the US military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone.

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Section: Fate Of Cacodylic Acid Applied To Tropical Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fate Of Cacodylic Acid Applied To Tropical Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%