Update of the global distribution of human gammaherpesvirus 8 genotypes

Lopes, Amanda de Oliveira; Spitz, Natália; Reis, Christian Robson de Souza; Paula, Vanessa Salete de

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87038-9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…(ii) Endemic KS is seen among the Kazakh and Uyghur ethnicities in Xinjiang (China) and in Eastern Africa (Kenia, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, South Africa, and Tanzania). Pockets of high KSHV seroprevalence have also been reported in Amerindians 31–33 . In Eastern Africa, KS is the most common cancer in adult men and is also observed in children.…”

Section: Ks Has Diverse Manifestations But a Unified Etiology: Kshvmentioning

confidence: 93%

Today's Kaposi sarcoma is not the same as it was 40 years ago, or is it?

Damania

Dittmer

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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This review will provide an overview of the notion that Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a disease that manifests under diverse and divergent circumstances. We begin with a historical introduction of KS and KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), highlight the diversity of clinical presentations of KS, summarize what we know about the cell of origin for this tumor, explore KSHV viral load as a potential biomarker for acute KSHV infections and KS-associated complications, and discuss immune modulators that impact KSHV infection, KSHV persistence, and KS disease.

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Section: Ks Has Diverse Manifestations But a Unified Etiology: Kshvmentioning

confidence: 93%

Today's Kaposi sarcoma is not the same as it was 40 years ago, or is it?

Damania

Dittmer

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Within SSA, HHV-8 genotypes A and B predominate, along with a lower proportion of F ( 341 ). Within genotype A, clade A5 is most prevalent ( 342 ).…”

Section: Human Herpesvirus-8 or Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Diakité

Shaw‐Saliba²,

Lau³

2023

Front. Virol.

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The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi’s sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA’s battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.

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“…The K1 protein has multiple roles in cellular signal transduction, viral reactivation, endothelial cell immortalization, and host immune recognition [67]. K1 has been reported to bind the c subunit of 5 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKc1), which is important for K1 to enhance cell survival [68].…”

Section: Orf K1 (K1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Gammaherpesvirus 8 Oncogenes Associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Lopes

Marinho

Medeiros

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), contains oncogenes and proteins that modulate various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, and is integral to KSHV infection and oncogenicity. In this review, we describe the most important KSHV genes [ORF 73 (LANA), ORF 72 (vCyclin), ORF 71 or ORFK13 (vFLIP), ORF 74 (vGPCR), ORF 16 (vBcl-2), ORF K2 (vIL-6), ORF K9 (vIRF 1)/ORF K10.5, ORF K10.6 (vIRF 3), ORF K1 (K1), ORF K15 (K15), and ORF 36 (vPK)] that have the potential to induce malignant phenotypic characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma. These oncogenes can be explored in prospective studies as future therapeutic targets of Kaposi’s sarcoma.

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Update of the global distribution of human gammaherpesvirus 8 genotypes

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Today's Kaposi sarcoma is not the same as it was 40 years ago, or is it?

Today's Kaposi sarcoma is not the same as it was 40 years ago, or is it?

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Human Gammaherpesvirus 8 Oncogenes Associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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