Update of Comparative Occurrence Rates for Offshore Oil Spills

Marine Oil-Degrading Microorganisms and Biodegradation Process of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Marine Environments: A Review

“…Some researchers have indicated that short chain n-alkanes are the most easily degradable components followed by branched alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbon, cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, asphaltenes, and lastly heavy crude oil [3]. Peng et al found that the degradation of alkane was more effective than that of aromatics compounds [55].…”

Environmental Impacts of the Deep-Water Oil and Gas Industry: A Review to Guide Management Strategies

“…The U.S. NOAA Office of Response and Restoration records, on average, 1-3 spills per week within the US EEZ, but most of these are relatively small and occur near the shore. On the U.S. outer continental shelf between 1971 and 2010, there were 23 large spills of more than 1000 barrels (160,000 L) of oil, or an average of one every 21 months (Anderson et al, 2012). In addition, on a global scale there were 166 spills over 1000 barrels that occurred during offshore transport of oil in the period between 1974 and 2008, or one every 2.5 months (Anderson et al, 2012).…”

“…On the U.S. outer continental shelf between 1971 and 2010, there were 23 large spills of more than 1000 barrels (160,000 L) of oil, or an average of one every 21 months (Anderson et al, 2012). In addition, on a global scale there were 166 spills over 1000 barrels that occurred during offshore transport of oil in the period between 1974 and 2008, or one every 2.5 months (Anderson et al, 2012). The greatest risk to the marine environment comes from an uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the reservoir, known as a blowout (Johansen et al, 2003).…”

Environmental pollution and remediation: challenges and management of oil Spillage in the Nigerian coastal areas

“…Oil spills may occur for numerous reasons such as equipment failure, disasters, deliberate acts, or human error (Anderson and LaBelle, 2000). Figure 1 shows the percentage each subcategory has contributed to the total number of oil spills in Nigeria in the past five years (Shekwolo,2005).…”