“…11 a–d, when the concentration of AO7 dye in the test solution increased, so did the actual quantity of AO7 dye adsorbed per unit mass (adsorption capacity q e ) of the adsorbent. This agrees with other results available in literature 26 , 33 , 48 . Figure 10 Effect of AO7 dye on the adsorption process.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…The reduction in these parameters can be linked to the heat-induced shrinkage of pores, leading to a decrease in the available pore surface area 54 . This trend was also confirmed by Wu et al (2022), in the production of magnetic biochars from teawaste 48 .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 79%
“…This property allows for easy separation of the adsorbent from the solution after adsorption. Magnetic activated carbon can be manipulated using an external magnetic field, making the process more efficient and environmentally friendly 48 – 51 .…”
Magnetic activated carbon resources with a remarkably high specific surface area have been successfully synthesized using orange peels as the precursor and ZnCl2 as the activating agent. The impregnation ratio was set at 0.5, while the pyrolysis temperature spanned from 700 to 900 °C. This comprehensive study delved into the influence of activation temperatures on the resultant pore morphology and specific surface area. Optimal conditions were discerned, leading to a magnetic activated carbon material exhibiting an impressive specific surface area at 700 °C. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area reached 155.09 m2/g, accompanied by a total pore volume of 0.1768 cm3/g, and a mean pore diameter of 4.5604 nm. The material displayed noteworthy properties, with saturation magnetization (Ms) reaching 17.28 emu/g, remanence (Mr) at 0.29 emu/g, and coercivity (Hc) of 13.71 G. Additionally, the composite demonstrated super-paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature, facilitating its rapid collection within 5 s through an external magnetic field. Factors such as absorbent dose, initial concentration of the adsorbate, contact time, and pH were systematically examined. The adsorption behaviour for acid orange 7 (AO7) was found to adhere to the Temkin isotherm models (R2 = 0.997). The Langmuir isotherm model suggested a monolayer adsorption, and the calculated maximum monolayer capacity (Qm) was 357.14 mg/g, derived from the linear solvation of the Langmuir model using 0.75 g/L as an adsorbent dose and 150–500 mg/L as AO7 dye concentrations. The pseudo-second order model proved to be the best fit for the experimental data of AO7 dye adsorption, with a high coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.999 to 1.000, outperforming other kinetic models.
“…11 a–d, when the concentration of AO7 dye in the test solution increased, so did the actual quantity of AO7 dye adsorbed per unit mass (adsorption capacity q e ) of the adsorbent. This agrees with other results available in literature 26 , 33 , 48 . Figure 10 Effect of AO7 dye on the adsorption process.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…The reduction in these parameters can be linked to the heat-induced shrinkage of pores, leading to a decrease in the available pore surface area 54 . This trend was also confirmed by Wu et al (2022), in the production of magnetic biochars from teawaste 48 .…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 79%
“…This property allows for easy separation of the adsorbent from the solution after adsorption. Magnetic activated carbon can be manipulated using an external magnetic field, making the process more efficient and environmentally friendly 48 – 51 .…”
Magnetic activated carbon resources with a remarkably high specific surface area have been successfully synthesized using orange peels as the precursor and ZnCl2 as the activating agent. The impregnation ratio was set at 0.5, while the pyrolysis temperature spanned from 700 to 900 °C. This comprehensive study delved into the influence of activation temperatures on the resultant pore morphology and specific surface area. Optimal conditions were discerned, leading to a magnetic activated carbon material exhibiting an impressive specific surface area at 700 °C. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area reached 155.09 m2/g, accompanied by a total pore volume of 0.1768 cm3/g, and a mean pore diameter of 4.5604 nm. The material displayed noteworthy properties, with saturation magnetization (Ms) reaching 17.28 emu/g, remanence (Mr) at 0.29 emu/g, and coercivity (Hc) of 13.71 G. Additionally, the composite demonstrated super-paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature, facilitating its rapid collection within 5 s through an external magnetic field. Factors such as absorbent dose, initial concentration of the adsorbate, contact time, and pH were systematically examined. The adsorption behaviour for acid orange 7 (AO7) was found to adhere to the Temkin isotherm models (R2 = 0.997). The Langmuir isotherm model suggested a monolayer adsorption, and the calculated maximum monolayer capacity (Qm) was 357.14 mg/g, derived from the linear solvation of the Langmuir model using 0.75 g/L as an adsorbent dose and 150–500 mg/L as AO7 dye concentrations. The pseudo-second order model proved to be the best fit for the experimental data of AO7 dye adsorption, with a high coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.999 to 1.000, outperforming other kinetic models.
“…Therefore, adsorption is becoming an increasingly popular heavy metal removal method due to its higher sustainability and the lower costs associated with the process. Biosorption is a type of adsorption process in which contaminants bind onto the surface of a biomass such as food waste [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], wood, wood residues [ 8 ], agricultural residues [ 9 ] and household wastes. According to Statista, bananas are one of the most widely produced and consumed fruits in the world, with production levels as high as ~125 million metric tons for the year 2021 [ 10 ].…”
Banana peel waste is abundant and can be utilized as a low-cost adsorbent for removing toxic Cr (VI) from wastewater. The acid modification of banana peels significantly enhances their adsorption capacity for Cr (VI). An adsorbent was prepared by treating banana peel powder with 50% H2SO4 at 50 °C for 24 h. The acid treatment increased the surface area of the adsorbent from 0.0363 to 0.0507 m2/g. The optimum adsorbent dose was found to be 1 g/L for the complete removal of Cr (VI) from 100 ppm solutions. The adsorption capacity was 161 mg/g based on the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second order model. Increasing the temperature from 20 to 50 °C increased the initial adsorption rate but had a minor effect on the equilibrium adsorption capacity. Thermodynamics studies showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The activation energy was estimated as 24.5 kJ/mol, indicating physisorption. FTIR analyses before and after adsorption showed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups in binding the Cr (VI). The Cr (VI) was reduced to Cr (III), which then bound to functional groups on the adsorbent. Desorption under acidic conditions could recover 36% of the adsorbed Cr as Cr (III). No desorption occurred at a neutral pH, indicating irreversible adsorption. Overall, acid-modified banana peel is an efficient, low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for removing toxic Cr (VI) from wastewater.
“…However, these methods are found to be less effective in getting rid of the element. In comparison with the rest of the processes, the adsorption process is cost-effective and simple to execute [8, 9]. Different types of biosorbents are used in general such as sugarcane bagasse, vineyard pruning, and orange peel for the removal of chromium ions.…”
“Aged refuse” corresponds to municipal solid waste material dumped in land, for several years. This solid waste material is chosen as an adsorbent for the current study since it is available abundantly in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, and has not been used for any other applications. The current study was conducted to get rid of the element chromium (VI) from wastewater by using the adsorption process. The aged refuse was analytically tested through various processes such as BET, TGA, XRD, SEM, and FTIR to determine the surface morphology, functional groups, thermal stability, nature of the crystalline, and surface area. The researchers conducted the batch adsorption study to validate the influence exerted by different sorts of adsorption parameters like contact time (10-100 min), initial concentration of the pollutant (50 mg·L-1 to 250 mg·L-1), pH (1-7), and the dosage of the adsorbent (0.5 g·L-1-3.0 g·L-1). In the current study, the researchers achieved the maximum adsorption capacity of 195.54 mg·g-1. From the kinetic results, it can be understood that the pseudo-first-order model was the most suitable kinetic model. Further, the study outcomes confirm that the Langmuir isotherm model is the best fit by isotherm studies which indicate the monolayer adsorption process. This study indicated that the aged refuse can be potentially used in removing Cr (VI) from water environment under standard optimized conditions.
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