Upcycling of Polybenzoxazine to Magnetic Metal Nanoparticle-Doped Laser-Induced Graphene for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Abstract

Upcycling carbon materials from waste plastics/ resins is of utmost importance but remains challenging. In this work, we reported the production of magnetic metal nanoparticledoped laser-induced graphene (LIG/M) starting from polybenzoxazine by a combination of drop-casting and laser irradiation. This strategy was applicable to convert various metal complex precursors into nanoparticles, producing diverse LIG/M, where M included Fe 3 O 4 , FeCo, and FeNi. Due to the attractive porous structures and electric/magnetic functional characteristics, the obtained LIG/M exhibited a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 39.1 dB in the X-band for LIG/FeCo. Taking the thickness and lightweight properties into account, the absolute shielding effectiveness of LIG/M is superior to that of the reported metal nanoparticle-doped carbon materials, which demonstrates the advantage of LIG/M as efficient EMI shielding materials. Moreover, the high electrical conductivity and magnetic properties endowed LIG/M with low-voltage-driven electrothermal performance and strong magnetothermal effect. Given the easy-fabrication process and satisfactory performance, the strategy proposed in this work may create propitious opportunities to achieve the high value-added upcycling and reuse of waste plastics/ resins with potential applications in various fields, such as EMI shielding, energy storage, and heating systems.

In Situ Growth of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Poly(arylene ether nitrile)/Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Foams for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

“…In addition, this study is aimed to construct absorption-dominated EMI shielding materials by in situ growth of Fe 3 O 4 in a porous conductive network structure, and to better explore the effectiveness of this scheme, the comparison of EMI SE and Ar of the GCF composite foams with other reported materials is investigated in a microwave frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (shown in Figure ). The materials involved in the comparison contained all conductive fillers and Fe 3 O 4 particles and were all introduced into Fe 3 O 4 particles by other methods, such as co-blending. ,− It can be found that the EMI SE and Ar of GCF4 are significantly higher than those of some reported materials. Although the EMI SE of some materials is higher than that of GCF4, their Ar needs further improvement.…”

Direct Conversion of Liquid Bio-Benzoxazine Precursor into Porous Graphene-Based Lubricant Additive by Laser Irradiation

“…19 Conversion of PBZ into graphene materials by rapid laser irradiation provides a new way for recycling of PBZ waste products. 20 Zhao et al used a commercialized PBZ (poly(Ph-ddm)) for patterning and thermal management by LIG technology. 21 Peng et al used poly(Ph-ddm) to design forest-like LIG for efficient photothermal conversion utilization of LIG and preparation of desalination membranes.…”

“…The polymeric product of BZ, namely polybenzoxazine (PBZ), has been widely used in aerospace and rail transportation due to its excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and mechanical strength. , Similar to other petroleum-based thermoset polymers, biobased benzoxazine resins are also difficult to recycle once they convert into cross-linked networks . Conversion of PBZ into graphene materials by rapid laser irradiation provides a new way for recycling of PBZ waste products . Zhao et al used a commercialized PBZ (poly­(Ph-ddm)) for patterning and thermal management by LIG technology .…”

Sustainable Upcycling of Nitrogen-Enriched Polybenzoxazine Thermosets into Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials for Contriving High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…The procedure has been referred to as “upcycling”, as the quality value of the final product will be upgraded to a material with tremendous application potential . In this direction, Liu et al have reported the upcycling of polybenzoxazine to magnetic metal nanoparticle-doped laser-induced graphene (LIG) by combining drop-casting and laser irradiation strategies and have evaluated their potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding . Direct carbonization of polybenzoxazine thermosets has been additionally reported, where the benzoxazine resins have been first synthesized and polymerized, followed by template-free carbonization to yield heteroatom-doped carbon materials. − The above-mentioned approach of direct carbonization has been accomplished using temperature in the range of 600–800 °C for prolonged durations (3–6 h) along with KOH chemical activation treatment, where the latter enhances the doping, textural characteristics, and electrical conductivity of the carbon materials.…”