Upconverting luminescent nanoparticles for use in bioconjugation and bioimaging

Synthesis of β-Phase NaYF4:Yb,Er Upconversion Nanocrystals and Nanorods by Hot-Injection of Small Particles of the α-Phase

“…The precise control of the shape, size and size distribution of nanoparticles is important for studying their basic properties as well as for their use in various applications [1][2][3][4][5]. During the last years, a large number of research papers was pub-lished on the synthesis of NaREF 4 nanocrystals (RE = rare-earth), since NaREF 4 and LiREF 4 are attractive host lattices for a variety of functional optical materials such as upconversion phosphors, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] quantum-cutting phosphors, [15][16][17][18][19] laser materials, [20,21] and materials for solar cell applications [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Stem Cells in Pancreatic Cancer

“…Another type of imaging strategy using nanoparticles is optical, through use of carbon nanomaterials that display natural fluorescence emission [155], or use of other infrared light emission agents [156], forming upconversion nanoparticles [157], or incorporated in a wide variety of coating surfaces, such as gold [158] and polymer-based [159]. Photoacoustic imaging is another nanomedical promising technology that combines the benefits of optical imaging methods with the clinically available and cost-effective ultrasound imaging modality [160].…”

Monodisperse Water-Stable Sio2- Coated Fluoride Upconversion Nanoparticles with Tunable Shell Thickness

“…In recent years, with the deepened understanding of the luminescence mechanism of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the maturity of their synthesis methods, those new luminescent nanomaterials have spurred wide interests on many applications ranging from biomarker detection to biomedical imaging [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. UCNPs have many excellent physical and chemical properties, such as infrared light excitation, strong penetrability of tissue, little damage to biological tissue, zero background fl uorescence, long fl uorescence lifetime, narrow emission band, and wide antiStokes shift and so on.…”