“…The impact of c on the performance of ring/theta cavity lasers is therefore investigated numerically by implementing the experimental configurations shown in Figure 3 using VPItransmissionMaker software (VPI). The TDF model, implemented in VPI, is based on solving the coupled rate equations for the population inversions of the 3 H 6 , 3 F 4 , 3 H 4 , and 1 G 4 energy levels and the propagation equations for the signals and ASE components [28][29][30][31] . Only the effect of self-phase modulation (SPM) is included in the model.…”
We report the first demonstration of a unidirectional, isolator-free 2-mm thulium-doped fiber (TDF) laser, relying on the properties of the theta cavity (ring resonator with S-shaped feedback). The core pumped theta cavity TDF laser provides sub-Watt output power with a slope efficiency of 25%, a 2 dB flat tuning range of 1900-2050 nm, and a linewidth of 0.2 nm, and achieves the extinction ratio of 18-25 dB (depending on the feedback value) between the favored and suppressed lasing directions. It is shown that these characteristics are competitive with, if not superior to, those of conventional ring cavities. The simulation results of the linear and Kerr-nonlinear theta cavities are also presented, explaining certain unexpected features of the laser behavior and establishing the importance of the doped fiber nonlinearity on the spectral shaping of the emitted signal.
“…The impact of c on the performance of ring/theta cavity lasers is therefore investigated numerically by implementing the experimental configurations shown in Figure 3 using VPItransmissionMaker software (VPI). The TDF model, implemented in VPI, is based on solving the coupled rate equations for the population inversions of the 3 H 6 , 3 F 4 , 3 H 4 , and 1 G 4 energy levels and the propagation equations for the signals and ASE components [28][29][30][31] . Only the effect of self-phase modulation (SPM) is included in the model.…”
We report the first demonstration of a unidirectional, isolator-free 2-mm thulium-doped fiber (TDF) laser, relying on the properties of the theta cavity (ring resonator with S-shaped feedback). The core pumped theta cavity TDF laser provides sub-Watt output power with a slope efficiency of 25%, a 2 dB flat tuning range of 1900-2050 nm, and a linewidth of 0.2 nm, and achieves the extinction ratio of 18-25 dB (depending on the feedback value) between the favored and suppressed lasing directions. It is shown that these characteristics are competitive with, if not superior to, those of conventional ring cavities. The simulation results of the linear and Kerr-nonlinear theta cavities are also presented, explaining certain unexpected features of the laser behavior and establishing the importance of the doped fiber nonlinearity on the spectral shaping of the emitted signal.
“…Tm 3þ is an excellent dopant candidate for upconversion under near-infrared or visible excitation because of its favorable intra-atomic 4f energy level structure. Its emission properties have been reported under $ 650 nm, 13,14 800 nm, 15,16 980 nm, [17][18][19] and 1064 nm 14,20 excitations.…”
The optical properties of Yb 3þ and Tm 3þ co-doped Y 2 BaZnO 5 , synthesized by solid-state reaction, are investigated in detail. Three main emission bands centered around 479 nm (blue), 654 nm (red), and 796 nm (near-infrared) are observed under near-infrared laser excitation via an upconversion process. Detailed studies of the upconversion properties as a function of dopant concentrations are described and upconversion efficiencies quantified precisely. Maximum efficiencies of $ 1.53% in the 730-870 nm near-infrared emission range and of $ 0.09% in the 420-530 nm blue range are obtained. The results of power dependence studies and concentration dependent lifetime measurements are presented. This in-depth spectroscopic study allows us, for the first time, to identify the dominant processes involved in the upconversion mechanism of Yb 3þ , Tm 3þ co-doped Y 2 BaZnO 5 oxides.
“…The transition rates, which describe the interaction of the electromagnetic field with the Tm 3+ ions for a TDFA can be written as [14]: propagation equations along the thulium fiber in the zdirection can be recognized as follows [8]: …”
Abstract-A comprehensive numerical model based on solving rate equations of a thulium-doped silica-based fiber amplifier is evaluated. The pump power and thulium-doped fiber (TDF) length for single-pass Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (TDFA) are theoretically optimized to achieve the optimum Gain and Noise Figure (NF) at the center of S-band region. The 1064 nm pump is used to provide both ground-state and excited state absorptions for amplification in the S-band region. The theoretical result is in agreement with the published experimental result.
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