Upconversion of Ln³⁺‐based Nanoparticles for Optical Bio‐imaging

Synthesis of CaF2–YF3 nanopowders by coprecipitation from aqueos solutions

“…The heterovalent substitution mechanism for the formation of the aforementioned solid solutions (Fig. 2) can be described by the following equation: Nanofluorides are another rapidly developing area of the modern science [34][35][36][37][38][39], for nanofluorides are widely implemented as luminophores, catalysts, biomedical and electrochemical materials; the CaF 2 -YF 3 system has also become crucially important in this area, as well. Low-temperature and soft chemistry syntheses of nanofluorides (e.g, mechanochemical [40,41], sol-gel [24], solvothermal [42] methods and some other techniques [35]) are especially prominent because of their technological advantages.…”