Upconversion Luminescent Material‐Based Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Sensing System for the Selective Detection of Hydrazine in Environmental Samples

Abstract

Hydrazine is a noxious environmental pollutant, which can be easily absorbed through skin, respiratory and oral paths of exposure and leads to mutagenic and carcinogenic diseases, which demands for the progress of advanced detection methods. In this regard, we report a new detection platform based on luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) for the detection of hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) in environmental samples, where anti-Stokes shift luminescence having optical sensing system is built with upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs, donor) modified by resorufin propionate (RePr, acceptor). Herein UCNPs were used as an excitation host to significantly minimize the photobleaching of RePr. Upon interaction with N 2 H 4 , the green upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity of hybrid nanoprobes (RePr-UCNPs) gradually decreases, since the green emission is in resonance with the absorbance of resorufin, whereas the red emission intensity was intact. Hence, green emitting optical sensing system shows red luminescence in the presence of hydrazine. This organic-inorganic hybrid sensing system has been utilized for the sensing of hydrazine in various environmental samples and the obtained results are compared with the sensing efficiency in distilled water. This anti-Stokes shift luminescent hybrid sensing system would be a promising candidate to be utilized in environmental protection, water treatment and safety inspection.

Exploring the use of upconversion nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensors: from surface modifications to point-of-care devices

“…Other UCNP-based sensors were constructed through the assembly of UCNP-CD and fluorescent dyes such as resorufin propionate (RePr) for sensing hydrazine in environmental samples, 63 phenothiazine-cyanine (PTZCy) for cyanide detection in water samples 166 and rhodamine derivatives for detection of cysteine 73 and nitric oxide. 183 …”

Lanthanide Doped Near Infrared Active Upconversion Nanophosphors: Fundamental Concepts, Synthesis Strategies, and Technological Applications

“…Herein, resorufin acts as an energy acceptor while UCNP donating the energy ( Figure ). In this work, we reported a new protocol for effective UCL detection of hydrazine in various environmental samples using α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) modified UCNPs (NaYF 4 : 18 mol% Yb, 2 mol% Er) as a carrier of resorufin propionate …”

“…Schematic illustration of the detection system construction and functioning for hydrazine sensing. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Wiley Publishers.…”

Ex vivo interaction study of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors with isolated mitochondria

“…1,2 Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) possess excellent property to convert the low-energy wavelengths (near-infrared [NIR]) to highenergy wavelength (UV-visible) light. 3 Excitation with the NIR light minimizes autofluorescence background and helps in deeper penetration of light into biological samples due to reduced light scattering. 4 These optical features make UCNPs promising candidates for biomedical and reports on the dysfunction analysis of mitochondria after their interaction with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.…”

“…Upconversion luminescent materials have received great attention of the researchers all over the globe for a few decades 1,2 . Lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) possess excellent property to convert the low‐energy wavelengths (near‐infrared [NIR]) to high‐energy wavelength (UV–visible) light 3 . Excitation with the NIR light minimizes autofluorescence background and helps in deeper penetration of light into biological samples due to reduced light scattering 4 .…”