“…Rare‐earth (RE) doped materials have widespread applications such as solid‐state lasers, solar cells, optical communications, biomedical imaging and labeling, and other photonic devices . In virtue of outstanding up‐conversion (UC) and down‐shifting (DS) luminescent properties, lanthanide ion‐based photo‐luminescence (PL) markers, such as Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Ho 3+ , and Pr 3+ trivalent rare earth ions, has been extensively studied for a variety of host materials . Among the RE ions, erbium ion is the most studied and has been recognized as the most efficient ions for UC, owing to relative convenience and flexible preparation, and various useful forms.…”