Upcoming and prospective fire monitoring missions based on the heritage of the BIRD (bi-spectral infrared detection) satellite

Ruecker, Gernot; Lorenz, Eckehard; Hoffmann, Anja; Oertel, D.; Tiemann, Joachim; Halle, Winfried

doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351597

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ichoku et al, 2012). For example, GOES-R (Schmit et al, 2005) and Himawari-8 (Kurino, 2012) will provide capabilities similar to MODIS, with a temporal frequency potentially as high as 30 s, while Suomi NPP carrying VIIRS and TET-1/BIRDS (Lorenz et al, 2012) will provide thermal bands with resolution up to 375 m. This will allow for detailed observations of pyroconvection during peak burning hours. These improving capabilities, together with continuing advances in the extent to which plume rise models can be parameterized and incorporated into large-scale atmospheric CTMs (Peterson et al, 2014;Paugam et al, 2015), can be expected to continue to advance the accuracy of smoke plume injection estimates and the resulting impact on long-range atmospheric transport of these globally important emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Landscape fires produce smoke containing a very wide variety of chemical species, both gases and aerosols. For larger, more intense fires that produce the greatest amounts of emissions per unit time, the smoke tends initially to be transported vertically or semi-vertically close by the source region, driven by the intense heat and convective energy released by the burning vegetation. The column of hot smoke rapidly entrains cooler ambient air, forming a rising plume within which the fire emissions are transported. The characteristics of this plume, and in particular the height to which it rises before releasing the majority of the smoke burden into the wider atmosphere, are important in terms of how the fire emissions are ultimately transported, since for example winds at different altitudes may be quite different. This difference in atmospheric transport then may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents, with for example very high plume injection heights being associated with extreme long-range atmospheric transport. Here we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in largerscale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system. In particular we detail (i) satellite Earth observation data sets capable of being used to remotely assess wildfire plume height distributions and (ii) the driving characteristics of the causal fires. We also discuss both the physical mechanisms and dynamics taking place in fire plumes and investigate the efficiency and limitations of currently available injection height parameterizations. Finally, we conclude by suggesting some future parameterization developments and ideas on Earth observation data selection that may be relevant to the instigation of enhanced methodologies aimed at injection height representation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

et al. 2016

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“…PyroCb are usually triggered by very large, intensely burning fires occurring in favourable atmospheric conditions for the phenomena. The exact conditions are still a matter of debate; however several studies have demonstrated the influence of fire size (Toon et al, 2007), unstable lower atmosphere (Kahn et al, 2007), the ambient mid-level moisture (Peterson et al, 2015), and/or the presence of an approaching cold front (Fromm et al, 2010;Dirksen et al, 2009;Luderer et al, 2006;Peterson et al, 2015). For examples of PyroCb see the website http://pyrocb.ssec.wisc.edu, which has been reporting PyroCb events since May 2013.…”

Section: Physics Of Landscape Fire Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of β are essentially based on experimental studies performed at small scale (Freeborn et al, 2008;McCarter and Broido, 1965), and their applications to large scale remain uncertain. In a model sensitivity study of the Chisholm fire run with the high-resolution threedimensional plume model ATHAM, Luderer et al (2006) show that a ratio β greater than unity is crucial in their case to trigger the mechanism of pyroconvection. With value of β lower than unity, not enough latent heat is able to reach the condensation level.…”

Section: Measure Of Buoyancy Flux and Fire Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large scale atmospheric chemical transport models – Part 1

Paugam¹,

Wooster²,

Freitas³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. Landscape fires produce smoke containing a very wide variety of chemical species, both gases and aerosols. For larger, more intense fires that produce the greatest amounts of emissions per unit time, the smoke tends initially to be transported vertically or semi-vertically close by the source region, driven by the intense heat and convective energy released by the burning vegetation. The column of hot smoke rapidly entrains cooler ambient air, forming a rising plume within which the fire emissions are transported. This characteristics of this plume, and in particular the height to which it rises before releasing the majority of the smoke burden into the wider atmosphere, are important in terms of how the fire emissions are ultimately transported, since for example winds at different altitudes maybe quite different. This difference in atmospheric transport then may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion and fate of the plumes chemical consituents, with for example very high plume injection heights being associated with extreme long-range atmospheric transport. Here we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in larger scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system. The use of satellite Earth observation (EO) data is commonly used for this, and detail the EO datasets capable of being used to remotely assess wildfire plume height distributions and the driving characteristics of the causal fires. We also discus both the physical mechanisms and dynamics taking place in fire plumes, and investigate the efficiency and limitations of currently available injection height parameterizations. Finally, we conclude by suggestion some future parameterization developments and ideas on EO data selection that maybe relevant to the instigation of enhanced methodologies aimed at injection height representation.

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“…TET-1 will be followed by a second satellite with similar specifications, BIROS, to complete the FireBird mini-constellation. FireBird provides FRP maps of actively burning fires derived at a spatial resolution better than 250 m -together with the estimation of effective fire temperature and spatial extent even for small fire events -many of which cannot be detected and/or characterized by existing and planned coarse resolution IR sensor systems (Ruecker et al, 2012). FireBird FRP is used to estimate combustion rate, and in conjunction with data from medium resolution sensors, to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from fires.…”

Section: General Instructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond these Fire Disturbance ECVs, the following additional fire attributes will be obtained from the VISIR-SAT data: fire effective temperature, fire effective area, fire line length, and fire line radiative strength, which all are key parameters for fire management and fire ecology (Ruecker et al, 2012). To predict and mitigate earthquake and volcanic hazards through detection of transient thermal phenomena, the following EO variables will be derived from VISIR-SAT data: volcanic pre-eruptive thermal anomalies and thermal anomalies on fumarole fields, thermal characteristics of lava flows, such as: crust and lava temperature, and volcanic ash emissions.…”

Section: B) Variables For High Temperature Events (Hte)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visir-Sat – A Prospective Micro-Satellite Based Multi-Spectral Thermal Mission for Land Applications

Ruecker¹,

Menz

Heinemann

et al. 2015

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Current space-borne thermal infrared satellite systems aimed at land surface remote sensing retain some significant deficiencies, in particular in terms of spatial resolution, spectral coverage, number of imaging bands and temperature-emissivity separation. The proposed VISible-to-thermal IR micro-SATellite (VISIR-SAT) mission addresses many of these limitations, providing multi-spectral imaging data with medium-to-high spatial resolution (80m GSD from 800 km altitude) in the thermal infrared (up to 6 TIR bands, between 8 and 11µm) and in the mid infrared (1 or 2 MIR bands, at 4µm). These MIR/TIR bands will be co-registered with simultaneously acquired high spatial resolution (less than 30 m GSP) visible and near infrared multi-spectral imaging data. To enhance the spatial resolution of the MIR/TIR multi-spectral imagery during daytime, data fusion methods will be applied, such as the Multi-sensor Multi-resolution Technique (MMT), already successfully tested over agricultural terrain. This image processing technique will make generation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) EO products with a spatial resolution of 30 x 30 m² possible. For high temperature phenomena such as vegetation-and peat-fires, the Fire Disturbance Essential Climate Variables (ECV) "Active fire location" and "Fire Radiative Power" will be retrieved with less than 100 m spatial resolution. Together with the effective fire temperature and the spatial extent even for small fire events the innovative system characteristics of VISIR-SAT go beyond existing and planned IR missions. The comprehensive and physically high-accuracy products from VISIR-SAT (e.g. for fire monitoring) may synergistically complement the high temperature observations of Sentinel-3 SLSTR in a unique way. Additionally, VISIR-SAT offers a very agile sensor system, which will be able to conduct intelligent and flexible pointing of the sensor's line-of-sight with the aim to provide global coverage of cloud free imagery every 5-10 days with only one satellite (using near real time cloud cover information). VISIR-SAT may be flown in convoy with Sentinel-3 and/or Sentinel-2.

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Upcoming and prospective fire monitoring missions based on the heritage of the BIRD (bi-spectral infrared detection) satellite

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large scale atmospheric chemical transport models – Part 1

Visir-Sat – A Prospective Micro-Satellite Based Multi-Spectral Thermal Mission for Land Applications

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