“…In particular, there have been difficulties in terms of establishing standardized and specialized treatment programmes for intellectually disabled offenders (Cox-Lindenbaum, 1990Caparulo, 1991;Griffiths, Quinsey, & Hingsburger, 1989;Haaven & Schlank, 2001;Hayes, 1991;Parsons, 1984;Swanson & Garwick, 1990). Assessing risk and treatability has posed ongoing problems (McKenzie, Chisolm, & Miller, 1997). Accurately evaluating therapeutic change through valid outcome measures has largely been absent (Kolton, Boer, & Boer, 2001).…”