Up the creek with a paddle; avian flight distances from canoes versus walkers

Glover, Hayley K.; Guay, Patrick-Jean; Weston, Michael A.

doi:10.1007/s11273-015-9411-9

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…FID, SD, body mass and brain masses/brain component masses were log transformed prior to analysis to better conform with assumptions of normality. We used the difference in FID values between rural and urban populations to generate a measure of "degree of tolerance" for each species (Glover et al, 2015). However, such a direct comparison of FID is complicated by the differences in SD between the two populations.…”

Section: Brain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Time Since Urbanization but Not Encephalisation Is Associated with Increased Tolerance of Human Proximity in Birds

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The examination of links between a high degree of encephalisation (i.e., a large brain mass relative to body size) and the capacity of wildlife to inhabit anthropogenic habitats has formed the basis of several recent studies, although typically they have not uncovered any relationship. It, however, remains unclear whether encephalisation is directly related to a species' capacity to develop tolerance to human proximity (i.e., a reduction in response to approaching humans). It is also unknown whether such a relationship is related to the size of specific areas of the brain. Using published data on flight-initiation distance (FID), the distance at which animals flee from an approaching human, we estimate the degree of tolerance of human proximity for 42 bird species by comparing FIDs in urban and rural areas, with relatively high and low exposure to humans, respectively. We used a phylogenetic, comparative approach to analyse the relationship of degree of tolerance, and of FID in urban and rural populations more directly, to relative sizes of whole brains (42 species) and brain components (25 species) for the species, and examine the effect of the year that the bird species was first recorded in an urban area (year of urbanization). We demonstrate an interaction between bird habitat and year of urbanization on FIDs. Urban populations of species that have a longer history of inhabiting urban areas have lower FIDs (i.e., birds that were urbanized earlier are more tolerant), which may suggest local selection for birds with reduced responsiveness to humans in urban areas. The pattern is not seen in rural populations of the same species, providing additional evidence that it is greater exposure to humans that has resulted in this tolerance. While we found that forebrain mass and optic lobe mass are influential positive predictors of FID there was no indication that degree of tolerance itself was related to any brain size metric and hence no support for the idea that urban populations of species with larger brains are better able to habituate to human presence. This suggests that processes other than encephalisation explain the high degree of tolerance evident in urban-dwelling birds.

show abstract

Section: Brain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Time Since Urbanization but Not Encephalisation Is Associated with Increased Tolerance of Human Proximity in Birds

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When combined with distribution data, they can be used to identify the most vulnerable areas (e.g., Garthe and Hüppop, 2004;Sonntag et al, 2012;Bradbury et al, 2014). An extensive literature has documented the effects of disturbance on breeding and nonbreeding waterbirds in coastal and freshwater habitats (Carney and Sydeman, 1999;Rodgers and Schwikert, 2002;Steven et al, 2011;Glover et al, 2015;Krüger, 2016;McFadden et al, 2017), but information on disturbance responses of seabirds at sea to vessel traffic is limited to a few species (Bellebaum et al, 2006;Kaiser et al, 2006;Schwemmer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ship Traffic Disturbance Vulnerability Index for Northwest European Seabirds as a Tool for Marine Spatial Planning

Fliessbach¹,

Borkenhagen²,

Guse³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ship traffic in Northwestern European seas is intense and continuing to increase, posing a threat to vulnerable seabird species as a result of disturbance. However, information on species-specific effects of ship traffic on seabirds at sea is limited, and tools are needed to prioritize species and areas to support the integration of conservation needs in Marine Spatial Planning. In this study, we investigated the responses of 26 characteristic seabird species in the German North and Baltic Seas to experimental ship disturbance using large datasets collected as part of the Seabirds at Sea counts. We developed a Disturbance Vulnerability Index (DVI) for ship traffic combining indicators for species' shyness, escape costs, and compensatory potential, and analyzed the relationships among shyness, escape costs, and vulnerability. The DVI was calculated using the following eight indicators: escape distance, proportion of escaping birds, proportion of birds swimming prior to disturbance, wing loading, habitat use flexibility, biogeographic population size, adult survival rate, European threat and conservation status. Speciesspecific disturbance responses differed considerably, with common scoters (Melanitta nigra) and red-throated loons (Gavia stellata) showing the longest escape distances and highest proportions of escaping individuals. Red-throated loon, black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), Arctic loon (Gavia arctica), velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca), and redbreasted merganser (Mergus serrator) had the highest DVI values, and gulls and terns had the lowest. Contrary to theoretical considerations, shyness correlated positively with escape costs, with the shyest species also being the most vulnerable among the species studied. The strong reactions of several species to disturbance by ships suggest the need for areas with little or no disturbance in some marine protected areas, to act as a refuge for vulnerable species. This DVI can be used in combination with distribution data to identify the areas most vulnerable to disturbance.

show abstract

“…Glover et al 2011), and cars, canoes, buses and bicycles (e.g. McLeod et al 2013;Guay et al 2014, Glover et al 2015. Individual attributes of the stimuli may also influence FIDs, such as pedestrian clothing colour (Gutzwiller and Marcum 1993) or noise levels (Karp and Root 2009), but data are currently lacking for Australian bird species.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with any data, FID summary statistics can be reported in a variety of ways (Glover et al 2011;Glover et al 2015). We considered two candidate statistics: (1) the 95th percentile of raw FID data (95 th _raw) and (2) the 95th percentile calculated using the formula 95 th _StDev = mean ?…”

Section: Reporting Flight-initiation Distancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

AvianBuffer: An interactive tool for characterising and managing wildlife fear responses

Guay

Dongen

Robinson

et al. 2016

Ambio

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The characterisation and management of deleterious processes affecting wildlife are ideally based on sound scientific information. However, relevant information is often absent, or difficult to access or contextualise for specific management purposes. We describe 'AvianBuffer', an interactive online tool enabling the estimation of distances at which Australian birds respond fearfully to humans. Users can input species assemblages and determine a 'separation distance' above which the assemblage is predicted to not flee humans. They can also nominate the diversity they wish to minimise disturbance to, or a specific separation distance to obtain an estimate of the diversity that will remain undisturbed. The dataset is based upon flight-initiation distances (FIDs) from 251 Australian bird species (n = 9190 FIDs) and a range of human-associated stimuli. The tool will be of interest to a wide audience including conservation managers, pest managers, policy makers, land-use planners, education and public outreach officers, animal welfare proponents and wildlife ecologists. We discuss possible applications of the data, including the construction of buffers, development of codes of conduct, environmental impact assessments and public outreach. This tool will help balance the growing need for biodiversity conservation in areas where humans can experience nature. The online resource will be expanded in future iterations to include an international database of FIDs of both avian and non-avian species.

show abstract

Up the creek with a paddle; avian flight distances from canoes versus walkers

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Time Since Urbanization but Not Encephalisation Is Associated with Increased Tolerance of Human Proximity in Birds

Time Since Urbanization but Not Encephalisation Is Associated with Increased Tolerance of Human Proximity in Birds

A Ship Traffic Disturbance Vulnerability Index for Northwest European Seabirds as a Tool for Marine Spatial Planning

AvianBuffer: An interactive tool for characterising and managing wildlife fear responses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About