Up-regulation of the MyD88-dependent pathway of TLR signaling in spleen and caecum of young chickens infected with Salmonella serovar Pullorum

Xia, Pingan; Wen, Jie; Zheng, Maiqing; Chen, Jilan; Zhao, Jingpeng; Jiang, Ruirui; Liu, Ranran; Zhao, Guiping

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.008

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For chickens, the influence of Salmonella infection on TLR4 mRNA expression has been studied mainly at the organ level, in the ceca and spleen, but with conflicting results. In some experiments, TLR4 expression in the ceca increased after infection (1,27,33), while others found no change (19,26). Shaughnessy et al (36) found that TLR4 expression increased at 6 h postinfection (p.i.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variation of TLR4 has been analyzed in vitro after incubation of peritoneal macrophages (14), ovarian follicles (37), and thrombocytes (35) with LPS and in heterophils in response to S. Enteritidis (30,31). On the other hand, its expression has been measured during the acute phase in Salmonella-infected chickens, in whole ceca or spleens (1,19,26,27,34,36) and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (28). Only one study has investigated the role of TLR4 during the carrier state in adult hens (33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Downstream Effectors in Selected Cecal Cell Subpopulations of Chicks Resistant or Susceptible to Salmonella Carrier State

Chaussé¹,

Grépinet²,

Bottreau³

et al. 2011

Infect Immun

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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which recognizes lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria, plays a major role in resistance of mice and humans to Salmonella infection. In chickens, Salmonella may establish a carrier state whereby bacteria are able to persist in the host organism without triggering clinical signs. Based on cellular morphological parameters, we developed a method, without using antibodies, to separate three cecal cell subpopulations: lymphocytes, enterocytes, and a population encompassing multiple cell types. We analyzed the mRNA expression of TLR4, interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤), IL-8, IL-12, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha factor (LITAF) in cecal subpopulations of chicks from inbred lines resistant or susceptible to the carrier state infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The results showed that resistance to the carrier state in chicks is associated with a larger percentage of lymphocytes and with higher levels of expression of TLR4 and IL-8 at homeostasis in the three cell subpopulations, as well as with a higher level of expression of LITAF in lymphocytes during the carrier state. In contrast to the early phase of infection, the carrier state is characterized by no major cell recruitment differences between infected and noninfected animals and no significant modification in terms of TLR4, IL-1␤, IL-8, IL-12, and LITAF expression in all cell subpopulations measured. However, TLR4 expression increased in the lymphocytes of chicks from the susceptible line, reaching the same level as that in infected chicks from the resistant line. These observations suggest that the carrier state is characterized by a lack of immune activation and highlight the interest of working at the level of the cell population rather than that of the organ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Downstream Effectors in Selected Cecal Cell Subpopulations of Chicks Resistant or Susceptible to Salmonella Carrier State

Chaussé¹,

Grépinet²,

Bottreau³

et al. 2011

Infect Immun

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“…Specific primers for β-actin, PKR, 2′, 5′-OAS, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IL-6, IL-8, ChIFN-α, ChIFN-β, IRF1, MyD88, STAT1, Mx, and MHC-I are described in precious studies [24], [39], [49], [60], [61]. RNA isolation and real-time PCR were processed according to previous studies [62], [63].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Differential Antiviral Activities of Chicken Interferon α (ChIFN-α) and ChIFN-β are Related to Distinct Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression

Yang

Meng

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Chicken interferon α (ChIFN-α) and ChIFN-β are type I IFNs that are important antiviral cytokines in the innate immune system. In the present study, we identified the virus-induced expression of ChIFN-α and ChIFN-β in chicken fibroblast DF-1 cells and systematically evaluated the antiviral activities of recombinant ChIFN-α and ChIFN-β by cytopathic-effect (CPE) inhibition assays. We found that ChIFN-α exhibited stronger antiviral activity than ChIFN-β in terms of inhibiting the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus, respectively. To elucidate the mechanism of differential antiviral activities between the two ChIFNs, we measured the relative mRNA levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in IFN-treated DF-1 cells by real-time PCR. ChIFN-α displayed greater induction potency than ChIFN-β on several ISGs encoding antiviral proteins and MHC-I, whereas ChIFN-α was less potent than ChIFN-β for inducing ISGs involved in signaling pathways. In conclusion, ChIFN-α and ChIFN-β presented differential induction potency on various sets of ISGs, and the stronger antiviral activity of ChIFN-α is likely attributed to the greater expression levels of downstream antiviral ISGs.

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“…Birds were reared in separate cages in the SPF chicken experimental center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (Beijing, China) and given ad libitum access to water and a diet specifically designed for SPF chickens (BLARC). Birds were confirmed to be free of Salmonella by culturing faecal samples in buffered peptone water (BPW) overnight with shaking at 150 rpm followed by spreading and culture (37°C, 18–24 h) on brilliant green agar containing 100 mg/ml nalidixic acid [43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modification of TLRs in Leukocytes Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis in Chickens

Gou¹,

Liu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways are the first lines in defense against Salmonella enteritidis ( S. enteritidis ) infection but the molecular mechanism underlying susceptibility to S. enteritidis infection in chicken remains unclear. SPF chickens injected with S. enteritidis were partitioned into two groups, one consisted of those from Salmonella-susceptible chickens (died within 5 d after injection, n = 6), the other consisted of six Salmonella-resistant chickens that survived for 15 d after injection. The present study shows that the bacterial load in susceptible chickens was significantly higher than that in resistant chickens and TLR4 , TLR2-1 and TLR21 expression was strongly diminished in the leukocytes of susceptible chickens compared with those of resistant chickens. The induction of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, IL-6 and IFN-β , was greatly enhanced in the resistant but not in susceptible chickens. Contrasting with the reduced expression of TLR genes, those of the zinc finger protein 493 ( ZNF493 ) gene and Toll-interacting protein ( TOLLIP ) gene were enhanced in the susceptible chickens. Finally, the expression of TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected in vitro with S. enteritidis increased significantly as a result of treatment with 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc) while either 5-Aza-dc or trichostatin A was effective in up-regulating the expression of TLR21 and TLR2-1 . DNA methylation, in the predicted promoter region of TLR4 and TLR21 genes, and an exonic CpG island of the TLR2-1 gene was significantly higher in the susceptible chickens than in resistant chickens. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ZNF493 -related epigenetic modification in leukocytes probably accounts for increased susceptibility to S. enteritidis in chickens by diminishing the expression and response of TLR4 , TLR21 and TLR2-1 .

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Up-regulation of the MyD88-dependent pathway of TLR signaling in spleen and caecum of young chickens infected with Salmonella serovar Pullorum

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Downstream Effectors in Selected Cecal Cell Subpopulations of Chicks Resistant or Susceptible to Salmonella Carrier State

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Downstream Effectors in Selected Cecal Cell Subpopulations of Chicks Resistant or Susceptible to Salmonella Carrier State

The Differential Antiviral Activities of Chicken Interferon α (ChIFN-α) and ChIFN-β are Related to Distinct Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression

Epigenetic Modification of TLRs in Leukocytes Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis in Chickens

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