Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in primary bone tumors and its association with tumor aggressiveness

Importance of Metalloproteinase Enzyme Group in Selected Skeletal System Diseases

“…According to Brookes et al [84], a high expression of MMP-14, demonstrated via immunohistochemistry, was associated with reduced event-free and overall survival in patients with ES. On the other hand, as Vaezi et al [15] reported, high mRNA expression for MMP-9 positively correlated with tumor size, higher malignancy grade, chemotherapy status, and a tendency toward recurrence and metastasis. Also, MMP-9 protein levels correlated with tumor malignancy grade, chemotherapy status, and recurrence tendency [15].…”

“…On the other hand, as Vaezi et al [15] reported, high mRNA expression for MMP-9 positively correlated with tumor size, higher malignancy grade, chemotherapy status, and a tendency toward recurrence and metastasis. Also, MMP-9 protein levels correlated with tumor malignancy grade, chemotherapy status, and recurrence tendency [15]. It is unfortunate that there are currently no studies on the use of MMPs as plasma or serum markers in ES.…”

“…The expression of individual MMPs is also found in the tissues of patients with ES. Tissue analysis revealed the presence of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 [15,[84][85][86][87]. MMP-1 and MMP-3 are not found [86,88], and the highest levels of expression have been demonstrated for MMP-9 and MMP-14 [86].…”

“…In the case of MMP-9, most reports showed that a high expression of this enzyme was associated with increased OS mortality [59], shorter overall survival, and the presence of metastatic foci compared to patients with a low or undetectable MMP-9 expression [75,77]. In addition, according to Vaezi et al [15], a higher MMP-9 expression was characteristic of highly malignant, metastatic, and recurrent tumors; these parameters also contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of patients with OS. However, a single study indicates that MMP-9 expression is not dependent on the mean tumor microvascular density or any clinical parameters of the lesion [76]; nevertheless, in our opinion, MMP-9 shows preliminary potential as a marker of poor prognosis in OS patients.…”

“…These enzymes are involved in physiological processes related to bone homeostasis; however, they have also been shown to be involved in the formation of a number of bone disorders, such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis [11][12][13]. A particularly important role of these enzymes has also been shown in bone malignancies such as osteosarcoma or Erwing's sarcoma [14,15].…”