Up-regulation of GINS1 highlighted a good diagnostic and prognostic potential of survival in three different subtypes of human cancer

Abstract

Cancer is a fatal malignancy and its increasing worldwide prevalence demands the discovery of more sensitive and reliable molecular biomarkers. To investigate the GINS1 expression level and its prognostic value in distinct human cancers using a series of multi-layered in silico approach may help to establish it as a potential shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of different cancer subtypes. The GINS1 mRNA, protein expression, and promoter methylation were analyzed using UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), while mRNA expression was further validated via GENT2. The potential prognostic values of GINS1 were evaluated through KM plotter. Then, cBioPortal was utilized to examine the GINS1-related genetic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), while pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Moreover, a correlational analysis between GINS1 expression and CD8+ T immune cells and a the construction of gene-drug interaction network was performed using TIMER, CDT, and Cytoscape. The GINS1 was found down-regulated in a single subtypes of human cancer while commonly up-regulated in 23 different other subtypes. The up-regulation of GINS1 was significantly correlated with the poor overall survival (OS) of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). The GINS1 was also found up-regulated in LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC patients of different clinicopathological features. Pathways enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of GINS1 in two diverse pathways, while few interesting correlations were also documented between GINS1 expression and its promoter methylation level, CD8+ T immune cells level, and CNVs. Moreover, we also predicted few drugs that could be used in the treatment of LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC by regulating the GINS1 expression. The expression profiling of GINS1 in the current study has suggested it a novel shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC.

Complementary biomarkers of computed tomography for diagnostic grading of gastric cancer: DSCC1 and GINS1

“…Studies have found that GINS1 is downregulated in one subtype of human cancer and typically upregulated in 23 different subtypes, with the upregulation of GINS1 significantly correlating with poorer overall survival in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) [ 29 ]. Results from Yang et al [ 30 ] further validate the upregulation of GINS1 expression in glioblastoma cells and tissues.…”

Roles of DSCC1 and GINS1 in gastric cancer

“…Abnormal DNA replication may lead to gene mutations, unstable chromosomes, etc., which are factors in tumor development. [33,34] In cancer studies, abnormal expression of GINS1 may be associated with tumor development and cell proliferation. Some studies have shown that GINS1 may be overexpressed in some tumors, and its overexpression may be related to the instability of DNA replication and proliferation of tumor cells.…”

“…Abnormal DNA replication may lead to gene mutations, unstable chromosomes, etc., which are factors in tumor development. [ 33 , 34 ]…”

PAX5 and circ1857 affected DLBCL progression and B‐cell proliferation through regulating GINS1

“…In eukaryotic cells, the GINS complex regulates both the initiation and progression of DNA replication 5,6 . Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on GINS1 in malignant tumors 7–10 . In addition, GINS1 was highly expressed in several types of leukemias, and knockdown of GINS1 reduced the growth of AML and CML cells, GINS1 was suggested as a possible therapeutic target to enhance the effect of chemotherapy 11 .…”