Unzipping flood vulnerability and functionality loss: tale of struggle for existence of riparian buildings

Gautam, Dipendra; Adhikari, Rabindra; Gautam, Suraj; Pandey, Vishnu Prasad; Thapa, Bhesh Raj; Lamichhane, Suraj; Talchabhadel, Rocky; Thapa, Saraswati; Niraula, Sunil; Aryal, Komal; Lamsal, Pravin; Bastola, Subash; Sah, Sanjay Kumar; Subedi, Shanti Kala; Puri, Bijaya; Kandel, Bidur; Sapkota, Pratap; Rupakhety, Rajesh

doi:10.1007/s11069-022-05433-5

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…For example, excessive sand mining adversely impacts water quality, altering sediment transport and causing riverbed instability [27,28]. It can exacerbate flooding, shaking nearby structures and threatening communities along riverbanks [29][30][31]. The removal of sand from rivers significantly impacts various environmental aspects [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Riverbank Change Caused by Sand Mining and Waste Disposal Using Web-Based Volunteered Geographic Information

Bayazidy,

Maleki,

Khosravi

et al. 2024

Water

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River water is one of the most important natural resources for economic development and environmental sustainability. However, river water systems are vulnerable in some of the densely populated regions across the globe. Intense sand mining and waste disposal can lead to river changes, loose foundations, and biodiversity loss. This study aims to develop a web-based geographic information system (GIS) platform to monitor river channel changes and their impacts on river environments due to sand mining and waste burial. The system integrates open-source software, Windows Server 2012, a web server, and PostgreSQL with PostGIS plugins for efficient mapping and storage of geospatial data and volunteered reporting of location events. Interferometric methods, including SNAP2STAMPS Automated Algorithm, persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI), small baseline subset (SBAS), and Snap software, were used to analyze spatial changes of subsidence from Sentinel-1 satellite data from 2021 to 2023 in the Gadar River in Oshnavieh, Iran. The results showed that the maximum subsidence at the riverbank was −10.1 cm due to sand mining, and the maximum uplift was 8.2 cm due to waste landfilling. The average subsidence was reported to be −5.1 cm. The results emphasize spatial analysis, showcasing material mining’s impact on subsidence trends and underscoring the significance of public participation in monitoring river health. Three parameters—completeness, correctness, and quality—were used to validate the system. Validation results showed completeness, correctness, and quality rates of 94.15%, 92.48%, and 86.63%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Riverbank Change Caused by Sand Mining and Waste Disposal Using Web-Based Volunteered Geographic Information

Bayazidy,

Maleki,

Khosravi

et al. 2024

Water

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“…Climate change alters temperature, precipitation, glacier melting and discharge of river networks (Hock et al 2019) and fetches cascading ood havoc (Maharjan et al 2021). Climate induced extreme precipitation event has led to catastrophic ood (Zhang et Except climate attributes, the oods are more comprehensive and cascading in nature (Gautam et al 2022). In Landslide damming ood, large volume of water and sediments erosion leads to change geomorphology of bedrock and alluvial rivers (Lin et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change induced Melamchi extreme flood and environment implication in central Himalaya of Nepal

Baniya,

Tang,

Adhikari

et al. 2024

Nat Hazards

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Climate change induced extreme precipitation and the associated rise in temperature have led to catastrophic oods. A ood occurred in the Melamchi River on 15 June and recurred on 31st July, 2021 in Nepal. This study has investigated these extreme ood events and their close nexus with climate. The available daily and hourly precipitation, temperature, snow depth and discharge data were analyzed. The regional ow during both ood events were estimated using 1-D hydraulic HEC-HMS model and the correlation among rainfall to the runoff and temperature with snow water equivalent were examined. The snow water equivalent was converted to the stream ow of the river. Result show that the Melamchi region found an average annual rainfall of 2610mm during 1992-2021. Speci cally, Shermathang and Tarkeghang has observed the highest daily average rainfall of 26.8mm and 39.2mm during the rst and 61.4mm and 66.6mm during the second ood event, respectively. The discharge found at the Melamchi Bazar was at 2893m 3 /s and 1105 m 3 /s in the rst and second events respectively in which Kiwil, Chanaute and Melamchi were highly contributed. The peak 10m interval ood discharge during the second event at Nakote was found 285 m 3 /s. The daily average discharge of Bhemathang was 357m 3 /s and 76m 3 /s on both events, respectively. The rainfall and runoff at the Nakote station are poorly correlated while snow water equivalent and temperature showed positive correlation during summer which indicates melting of the snow. In response to summer temperature increased, SWE and snow depth were decreased by melting. The snowmelt contribution to discharge was found 9.68m 3 /s in the Melamchi River during the Summer season. The daily average snow water equivalent of the upper basin was found 672 mm which are very potential to melt out in response to increased temperature. The nding showed that precipitation is the main climatic driver while temporary damming and increasing temperature also contributes to the timing and magnitude of the of the Melamchi ood.

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“…Several researcheshaveshown that the lack of implementation of code and bye-laws are the main reason behind the increasing collapse of structures during earthquakes (Anhorn et al, 2015;Giri, 2013;Mishra, 2019;Sehgal apoorva., 2017). It was also observed that lowquality materials used in construction sites lead to building defects and to ensure a good quality of work it is important to use the acceptable material in construction works (Ahzahar et al, 2011).Not only earthquakes, floods and landslides (Darchula 2013 (Paudel et al, 2013),Melamchiriver flood (2021) (Gautam et al, 2022))also destroy buildings. One study (Kumar et al, 2012)studied the seismic hazard and risk assessments of Nepal with the help of GIS platformand this study found that the high percentage of permanent houses in the five districts are Darchula, Kathmandu, Doti, Baitadi and Baglungwere exposed to a very high hazard zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Common Construction Practices and Structural Defects in RC Buildings in Darchula District Far-Western Nepal

Bohara

2023

Far Western Rev.

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This paper presents the common construction and structural deficiencies noticed in Mahakali municipality Darchula. The RC building constructions are common in the Darchula district. The main objective of this study is to find existing structural and construction mistakes in RC buildings. Field observations, interviews with engineers, technical people, local house owners, photographs, reviews of works of literature, bye-laws, buildings code, etc. are taken to fulfill the objective ofthe study. This paper examines the cause and effects of faulty construction practices and structural defects by using both analytical and numerical methods. Structural defects are present in the RC buildings due to improper construction methods, poor use of bye[1]laws, poor workmanship; do not consult with professionals, corruption, lack of training, etc. The results show that these structural defects and faulty constructions practice may lead to serious failures of structures during strong earthquakes. This study provides relevant information on the building’s collapse in a recent earthquake (Gorkha 2015) and the major cause of failure of RC buildings to compare the defects present in existing RC buildings in the Darchula district. The results concluded that almost 48% of buildings have column sizes less than 300mmx300mm, 24% of buildings have poor beam-column joints and 11% of buildings are soft storey and irregular building shapes. The numerical results pointed out that non-engineered buildings show poor seismic performance, poor seismic capacity and failure mechanism. The study strongly recommended that to prevent future hazards, the construction of buildings should follow the building’s laws and codes and also should be ensured by the municipality and other government bodies also provides sufficient training and knowledge in the local level. To improve the existing structures, it is important to increase the strength capacity and ductility of the joint by providing a suitable retrofitting process or maintenance process.

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Unzipping flood vulnerability and functionality loss: tale of struggle for existence of riparian buildings

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Assessing Riverbank Change Caused by Sand Mining and Waste Disposal Using Web-Based Volunteered Geographic Information

Assessing Riverbank Change Caused by Sand Mining and Waste Disposal Using Web-Based Volunteered Geographic Information

Climate change induced Melamchi extreme flood and environment implication in central Himalaya of Nepal

Study of Common Construction Practices and Structural Defects in RC Buildings in Darchula District Far-Western Nepal

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