Unwrapping the unappreciated: recent progress in Remak Schwann cell biology

Harty, Breanne L.; Monk, Kelly R.

doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.10.003

Cited by 102 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Each RSC surrounds many axons, during radial sorting, forming a mesaxon for each axon. It is uncommon for an axon to be in direct contact with the basement membrane of the Schwann cell [4].…”

Section: Remak Schwann Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RSCs differentiation is governed, at least in part, by neuronal cues, especially by the signaling pathway neuregulin 1 type III (Nrg1-III)/ErbB2/ErbB3 receptor cascades. However, a number of cell-autonomous genes also contribute to SCs differentiation toward RSCs, one of which is gamma-aminobutyric acid type B1 receptor (GABBR1) [4].…”

Section: Remak Schwann Cell Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have shown that there are certain genes that control SCs fate [4,12,18,19] and that they act cell-autonomously in SCs. There are genes that can trigger upregulation of NRG1 during differentiation after injury, thus stimulating remyelination and redifferentiation of SCs [20].…”

Section: Genes Acting Cell-autonomously In Schwann Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pathological circumstances like axonal loss or demyelination, the former myelinating Schwann cells also become a class of NMSCs. Conversely, all NMSCs retain the potential to myelinate [2], if they receive the appropriate cues, most of which derive from the associated axons, along with some fate-controlling genes that act cell-autonomously within SCs [3,4]. All Schwann cells derive from multipotent progenitor cells of the neural crest (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells in Health and Disease

Ioghen¹,

Manole²,

Gherghiceanu³

et al. 2022

Demyelination Disorders

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Non-myelinating Schwann cells (NMSCs) are one of the two major phenotypes of Schwann cells. NMSCs are of different types and have various locations. In the peripheral nervous system, NMSC, named Remak Schwann cells (RSC), accommodate multiple small-caliber axons, forming Remak bundles. NMSC, named perisynaptic/terminal Schwann cells, are found at the distal end of motor nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Thus, NMSCs proved to serve different functions according to their distribution such as maintenance of the axon and NMJ, peripheral nerve regeneration, or remodeling of the NMJ. Schwann cells (SCs) retain their proliferation capacity in the case of nerve injury or demyelination and provide support for the neuronal cells through paracrine signaling. Here we present an overview of their phenotypes and tissue distribution focusing on their emerging involvement in various peripheral nerve diseases.

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Section: Remak Schwann Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remak Schwann Cell Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes Acting Cell-autonomously In Schwann Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells in Health and Disease

Ioghen¹,

Manole²,

Gherghiceanu³

et al. 2022

Demyelination Disorders

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“…Specifically, we critically discuss the hypothesis that repeated activation of the SC repair programme occurs in and contributes to psoriasis and AD, and delineate experimental approaches how to probe this clinically relevant hypothesis. With these examples, we hope to broaden interest in SCs in skin research beyond roles in sensory skin neurophysiology, [ ] peripheral neuropathies [ ] and chronic pain. [ ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann cells as underestimated, major players in human skin physiology and pathology

Bray

Chéret

Yosipovitch

et al. 2019

Experimental Dermatology

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Schwann cells (SCs) have long been recognized for their ability to support repair and promote axon regeneration following injury to the peripheral nervous system. In response to nerve injury, they rapidly dedifferentiate into a precursor‐like state, secrete an array of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, proliferate, undergo epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal‐like transformation to facilitate migration, phagocytose cellular debris and remodel the extracellular environment to promote regeneration of axons through the site of injury. However, even though a cutaneous role for SCs is becoming increasingly recognized, we argue in this Viewpoint essay that the likely complex functions of SCs in skin physiology and pathology beyond skin sensation and nerve repair deserve more attention and systemic research than they have received so far. For example, SCs promote wound healing, disseminate infection in leprosy, support the growth of neurofibromas/schwannomas and facilitate/accelerate the growth and invasion of melanoma. Despite representing a major dermal cell population, comparatively little is still known about the role of SCs in other dermatoses. To quintessentially illustrate the opportunities that promise to arise from a new skin research focus on SCs, we focus on two dermatoses that are not traditionally associated with SCs, that is, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD), since both show distinct SC changes along with continuous nerve fibre degeneration and regeneration, and an impact of denervation on skin lesions. Specifically, we critically discuss the hypothesis that repeated activation of the SC repair programme occurs in and contributes to psoriasis and AD and delineate experimental approaches how to probe this clinically relevant hypothesis.

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The role of exosomes in intercellular and inter‐organ communication of the peripheral nervous system

2022

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Exosomes, nano‐sized extracellular vesicles, are produced via the endosomal pathway and released in the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Recent evidence shows that these extracellular vesicles play a key role in cell‐to‐cell communication. Exosomes transport bioactive proteins, mRNAs, and microRNA (miRNAs) in an active form to adjacent cells or to distant organs. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes in peripheral nerve maintenance and repair, as well as peripheral nerve/organ crosstalk, and discuss the potential benefits of exploiting exosomes for treating PNS injuries. In addition, we will highlight the emerging role of exosomes as new important vehicles for physiological systemic crosstalk failures, which could lead to organ dysfunction during neuroinflammation or aging.

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Unwrapping the unappreciated: recent progress in Remak Schwann cell biology

Cited by 102 publications

References 46 publications

Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells in Health and Disease

Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells in Health and Disease

Schwann cells as underestimated, major players in human skin physiology and pathology

The role of exosomes in intercellular and inter‐organ communication of the peripheral nervous system

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