“…These patients may be more difficult to work with (5,14), are more noncompliant with , a nd less responsive to trea tm en t (1 4-1 8), more fr equentl y use e me r ge ncy services (1 3,19), a nd are a t in creased risk for suicide and vio le n ce ( 14, 2 0-2 2). The clinical picture that e merges is not very appealing to clinicians, especially ps ychiatrist s-in-training, alt h o ugh it is important to realize that this picture is a composite drawn from man y diffe rent experiences with psychiatric patients who are substance abusers.…”