Unwelcome Immigrants: The Labor Market Experiences of 1980 (Mariel) Cuban and Haitian Refugees in South Florida

Settlers and Sojourners: The Case of Mexicans in the United States

“…The road to integration may be rocky, with immigrants taking available low-skilled and unskilled jobs, but eventually they will experience both economic and social mobility. This model has been based largely upon the experiences of European immigrants (Portes and Bach 1985;Sowell 198 1 ;Gordon 1964;Handlin 194 1 ;see Portes et al 1980 for a review of this extensive literature).…”

“…Another way of understanding the complexity both within and between immigrant populations is to consider patterns of labor market participation (Portes and Stepick 1985). Building on the segmented labor market concept (Portes and Bach 1985;Baron and Bielby 1984;Piore 1979), Portes and…”

“…This (Garcia y Griego 1980). Such migrants are referred to as "cyclical migrants," "temporary migrants," and "target earners" (Pones and Bach 1985;Garcia y Griego 1980).…”

Re-conceptualizing the economic incorporation of immigrants: A comparison of the Mexican and Vietnamese

“…Past comparative research has highlighted the importance of national policies that promote incorporation (Reitz, 1998;Bloemraad, 2003), and state and local policies are increasingly relevant as well (Murthy, 2007). Other contextual factors, such as employer preferences (Kirschenman and Neckerman, 1991;Waldinger and Lichter, 2003), local economic conditions (Raijman and Tienda, 1999), and the history of immigration in a particular place (Portes and Stepick, 1985;Sanders and Nee, 1987) have also been identified as significant determinants.…”

“…Scholars debate the specific impact of a co-ethnic community for immigrant incorporation (Portes and Stepick, 1985;Sanders and Nee, 1987). However, places where immigrants have a longer history and have become integrated in the state's institutions are likely to provide additional resources for later cohorts.…”