Unveiling unknowns: Practical application of InSAR for slope performance monitoring and risk management across multiple surface mines

Bar, Neil; Dixon, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106326

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In civil and mining engineering, grouting technology is one of the most important methods to maintain the stability of the ground surface, e.g., reinforcing fractured rock foundation, water-rich and soft strata, karst cave areas, and other fractured rock areas [1][2][3][4]. Underground mining leads to the destabilization of strata, and the surface will have a wide range of collapse [5][6][7]; sometimes mining even cause landslides [8][9][10][11], which will undoubtedly produce great potential danger to public safety [12][13][14][15][16]. An effective method of maintaining the stability of the surface in mining areas is filling the mining-induced space by grouting [17][18][19][20], thereby suppressing the overburden structural instability induced by coal mining [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction Response of Mining-Induced Rock Masses to Longwall Overburden Isolated Grouting

Xuan

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Surface subsidence in coal mine areas can cause serious geological hazards. After a coal seam is mined, the overlying rock layers fracture, collapse, and expand; the fractured and bulking rock masses are then continuously compacted under the action of overburden load, which eventually leads to surface subsidence. Overburden isolated grout filling via surface boreholes, and high-pressure grouting to mining-induced fissures under the hard rock layer, uses the grouting pressure to compact the lower fractured and bulking rock masses in advance, replacing the subsidence void and effectively controlling the surface subsidence. The characteristics of rock mass collapse, bulking, and compaction associated with mining and grouting are the key to the design of grouting parameters and surface subsidence control. In this paper, a theoretical model of the rock masses’ compactness during grouting injection is proposed, which determines the compaction of rock masses under the action of grouting filling. An experimental study was conducted to reproduce the grouting pressure evolution and the rock masses compaction in response to grout filling. The results indicated that the rock mass compaction was small in the no-pressure stage, and that the low-pressure and pressure-boost stages were key to generating the compaction effect of the grout filling. It was found that compaction grouting substantially increased the filled volume by transforming the fractured and bulking space of the rock masses into a filled space. Using engineering measurement data, the rock masses compaction law for grouting is verified. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the design of overburden grouting parameters and the evaluation of subsidence control effectiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction Response of Mining-Induced Rock Masses to Longwall Overburden Isolated Grouting

Xuan

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…In the last 10 to 15 years, technological, computing and software advances have enabled reliable, near-real time deformation monitoring using real and synthetic aperture radar techniques now capable of providing updates every minute across an entire slope [5][6][7]. Further, satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has enabled a review of historic deformations and provides site-wide IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012009 2 monitoring coverage on as frequent as weekly [8][9]. These radar techniques have significantly changed safety risk management and are part of 'big data' digital transformation, which also includes:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This digital transformation is enabling surveyors, geologists and geotechnical engineers to rapidly update ground and geotechnical models. Routinely updated geotechnical models (geological, structure, rock mass and groundwater) can be readily incorporated into 3D slope stability analyses and integrated and validated with real time deformation monitoring data [1,9,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geotechnical evaluation of the Cumba Pit Slope Failure, Dominican Republic

Bar¹,

McQuillan

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The combined availability of topographical, geological, structural, hydrogeological and monitoring data is rapidly increasing. Technology and software advances allow the real time incorporation of this data across various software platforms. This paper describes the back-analysis of a 70 m high, pit slope failure of an open pit gold mine in the Dominican Republic, using data from aerial photogrammetry, ground-based synthetic aperture radar and 3D limit equilibrium and finite element modelling. This back-analysis process is considered leading practice with the latest technology. The (northern) side of the Cumba pit slumped along a non-daylighting plane that was identified after the failure event. Remedial investigations included review of geological data, major structures, rock mass constitutive models and groundwater conditions. Topographical and structural data acquired from aerial photogrammetry, pre- and post-failure event, was input into 3D models to replicate observed ground movement. 3D models of pit progression were compared with displacements recorded by ground-based synthetic aperture radar to calibrate model inputs and increase reliability of forward predictions. Such a technical review was completed in less than one week, and the review process implemented for the Cumba pit slope failure now forms the baseline approach for all future geotechnical analysis at the operating mine.

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“…InSAR, a new ground surface deformation measurement method, can now obtain ground surface deformation information over a large area with the help of the continuous development of SAR satellites and data processing technologies. It has been widely used to monitor surface subsidence [6], landslides [7], seismic activities [8], slope deformation caused by open-pit mining activities [9,10], and other activities. All-weather earth observation, low cost, and high efficiency are some of its advantages [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study Integrating Numerical Simulation and InSAR Monitoring to Analyze Bedding-Controlled Landslide in Nanfen Open-Pit Mine

et al. 2023

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Bedding-controlled landslides are a common geological hazard for open-pit metal mines and occur on layered rock slopes. It can spread spatially over the final boundary of the dip slope and persist throughout the entire life cycle of the mine, substantially compromising the safety of mining operations. Identifying potential landslide areas and determining the landslide mechanism is crucial for the safety production and slope management of mines. This study proposes a combination of satellite radar interferometry measurement and numerical simulation to determine the landslide mechanism of the bedding-controlled slope in open-pit mines. First, the multidimensional small baseline subset (MSBAS) technique of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is used to capture deformation information in the vertical and east–west directions of the slope, locate large-scale and long-term movements, and preliminarily determine the trend of landslides. Then, a layered slope damage constitutive model is established, and a three-dimensional stability calculation of the layered slope is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3 software based on the strength reduction method to study the development and evolution process of landslides. The effectiveness of the method is validated by a large-scale bedding-controlled slope failure in the Nanfen open-pit mine in Liaoning, China, revealing the failure mechanism of the slope under excavation conditions. The study shows that the eastern slope bedding-controlled landslide in the Nanfen open-pit mine is a multizone composite-mode landslide caused by excavation, which belongs to the shear–slip–tension deformation failure mechanism as a whole. This study provides a new method for analyzing the mechanism of layered rock slope landslides under mining activities in open-pit mines, which can be used to assess and predict similar landslides.

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Unveiling unknowns: Practical application of InSAR for slope performance monitoring and risk management across multiple surface mines

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Compaction Response of Mining-Induced Rock Masses to Longwall Overburden Isolated Grouting

Compaction Response of Mining-Induced Rock Masses to Longwall Overburden Isolated Grouting

A geotechnical evaluation of the Cumba Pit Slope Failure, Dominican Republic

A Case Study Integrating Numerical Simulation and InSAR Monitoring to Analyze Bedding-Controlled Landslide in Nanfen Open-Pit Mine

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