Unveiling the sensory connections between the bladder and the brain that involve the periaqueductal gray matter

Zare, Aryo

doi:10.26481/dis.20180619az

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Furthermore, microglia primarily have an immunomodulatory function and express many immune response-related antigens and molecules [38]. A recent study by Zare et al [39] studied accumulation and effects of Aβ itself, suggesting these changes may reach beyond the CNS. A transgenic mouse model showed AD mice had immunoreactivity against Alzheimer's disease markers in the bladder.…”

Section: Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer Disease

Yang

2019

Int Neurourol J

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Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neuronal cells and the progressive decline of cognitive function. The major pathological culprit of AD is aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of tau, eventually leading to progressive neuronal cell death and brain atrophy. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD development as a result of neuronal cell death are little known. Although several hypotheses have been proposed regarding the development of AD, increasingly many studies suggest that the pathological progress of AD is not restricted to neuronal components such as Aβ and tau, but is also closely related to inflammatory responses in the brain. Abnormalities of Aβ and tau cause activity of pattern recognition receptors on the brain's immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, and trigger the innate immune system by releasing inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we present a basic overview of the current knowledge regarding inflammation and molecular mediators in the pathological progress of AD.

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Section: Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%