Unveiling the next generation of MRI contrast agents: current insights and perspectives on ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI

Abstract

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is a pivotal tool for global disease diagnosis and management. Since its clinical availability in 2009, the off-label use of ferumoxytol for ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI (FE-MRI) has significantly reshaped CE-MRI practices. Unlike MRI that's enhanced by gadolinium-based contrast agents, FE-MRI offers advantages such as reduced contrast agent dosage, extended imaging windows, no nephrotoxicity, higher MRI time efficiency, and the capability for molecular imaging. As a leading superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent, ferumoxytol is heralded as the next generation of contrast agents. This review delineates the pivotal clinical applications and inherent technical superiority of FE-MRI, providing an avant-garde medical-engineering interdisciplinary lens, thus bridging the gap between clinical demands and engineering innovations. Concurrently, we spotlight the emerging imaging themes and new technical breakthroughs. Lastly, we share our own insights on the potential trajectory of FE-MRI, shedding light on its future within the medical imaging realm.

Ultrahigh-Resolution Visualization of Vascular Heterogeneity in Brain Tumors via Magnetic Nanoparticles-Enhanced Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

“…Currently, a variety of methods such as high-temperature thermal decomposition/thermal injection, solvothermal synthesis, and coprecipitation are employed to prepare and control the properties of Fe 3 O 4 NPs . Among these methods, coprecipitation, known for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, is particularly favorable for mass production of biocompatible Fe 3 O 4 NPs. , Notably, clinical-grade Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, such as ferumoxytol, have historically been produced using this method. , Despite its clinical use, ferumoxytol still suffers from several drawbacks, including poor particle uniformity, complex preparation requirements, and limited sensitivity due to relatively lower relaxivity. − These factors underscore the significant demand for the development of simple and high-performance Fe 3 O 4 NPs tailored for high-field CE-SWI. Here, we meticulously deliberated on factors such as the choice of precursor, synthesis methods, and reaction conditions.…”

Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

“…Clinical approval of iron oxide-based MRI contrast agents has been obtained in Europe and the United States; however, challenges persist in their clinical translation [152]. Overall, iron oxide-based nanoparticles hold excellent potential for application and clinical translation [153][154][155][156][157].…”

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