Unveiling the Mysteries of Long COVID Syndrome: Exploring the Distinct Tissue and Organ Pathologies Linked to Prolonged COVID-19 Symptoms

Abstract

The ongoing battle against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has encountered a complex aspect with the emergence of long COVID syndrome. There has been a growing prevalence of COVID-19-affected individuals experiencing persistent and diverse symptoms that extend beyond the initial infection phase. The phenomenon known as long COVID syndrome raises significant questions about the underlying mechanisms driving these enduring symptoms. This comprehensive analysis explores the complex domain of long COVID syndrome with a view to shed light on the specific tissue and organ pathologies contributing to its intricate nature. This review aims to analyze the various clinical manifestations of this condition across different bodily systems and explore potential mechanisms such as viral persistence, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and molecular mimicry. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the intricate network of pathologies contributing to long COVID syndrome. Understanding these distinct pathological indicators provides valuable insights into comprehending the complexities of long COVID and presents opportunities for developing more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, thereby improving the quality of patient care by effectively addressing the ever-changing medical challenge in a more focused manner.

Diaphragmatic strengthening exercises for patients with post COVID-19 condition after mild-to-moderate acute COVID-19 infection: a randomized controlled study

“…Symptoms of post COVID-19 condition may include cough, dyspnoea, fatigue, palpitations, insomnia, chest pain, decreased or lost appetite, abdominal discomfort, arthralgia with or without myalgia, paraesthesia, hair loss, hearing loss, or tinnitus ( 3 ). The potential mechanisms for this phenomenon include viral persistence, chronic low-grade inflammatory response, autoimmunity, immune dysregulation, persistent endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and molecular mimicry ( 4 , 5 ).…”