Unveiling the Evolution of Innovation Ecosystems: An Analysis of Triple, Quadruple, and Quintuple Helix Model Innovation Systems in European Case Studies

Abstract

Despite the rising interest in smart city initiatives worldwide, governmental theories along with the managerial perspectives of city planning are greatly lacking in the literature. It is definitely understandable that the adoption of configurational pathways toward the ‘smart’ ‘governance’ models is required as a key factor and smartness’ facilitator in modern cities. In this manuscript, we display an exhaustive literature review on the importance of the n-Helix models along with a benchmarking critical approach through selected European case studies. This paper reveals the lack of exhaustive analyses for the methodological investigation, identification, and adoption of the most appropriate governance model per project including collaborative approaches. In addition, the paper deploys modular frameworks to efficiently address the continuous urban challenges, such as the rapid urbanization or the climate change.

Systematic literature review of context-awareness applications supported by smart cities’ infrastructures

“…A possible explanation for the insufficient assessment of the developed applications is that the development and effective validation of smart cities applications requires not only various types of resources, as mentioned before, (e.g., technologies and physical or virtual infrastructures) but also a diversity of stakeholders. Despite the existence of models aiming to optimize smart city implementations (e.g., [56]), the coordination of these resources and stakeholders requires experience and a large amount of effort. Most probable, a significant number of researchers are not aware of these challenges when they start the development of smart city applications.…”

The Quintuple Helix Model: Cooperation system for a sustainable electric power industry in Mexico

“…These should not only encourage environmental care and compliance with international agreements but also promote development, social sustainability, and the wellbeing of its population. In this sense, a helix analysis is highly effective as it fosters economic and social development (Taratori et al, 2021). It integrates industry, academia, government, society, and/or the natural environment as a system to produce science, technology, and innovation through the collaborative work of all agents, where the N-Helix model is a nexus (Guillén, 2018).…”

“…It is a theoretical and practical model offered to society to understand the link between knowledge and innovation to promote living in balance with nature and achieve lasting development, since "the environment should be considered as an active partner of innovation, not as a resource to be exploited" (Carayannis, 2020). It has been used in some projects to boost green employment, growth, and sustainability in the construction industry (Fundación Laboral de la Construcción, 2021), the sustainable development of the energy platform of the Russian Arctic zone (Carayannis et al, 2017), and the creation of remote control and smart metering systems for a water supplying system and social awareness and education on the use of these services (Taratori et al, 2021).…”

“…The article sets out to offer a comprehensive approach based on Quintuple Helix as an analytical framework and decision-making for the sustainable development of the electric power industry in Mexico (Carayannis and Campbell, 2010;Barth, 2011;Carayannis et al, 2012Carayannis et al, , 2017Taratori et al, 2021). An exploratory model is developed from the relationship of several constructs drawn from the literature to verify the validity of such a model applicable to similar transition processes.…”

Introducing Research Loop to Achieve Open Innovation for Research Centers in Quintuple Helix

“…The environment is inclusive: it includes the landscape, the people living in it, and the existing infrastructure, and, as a result, a more integrated and interactive innovative ecosystem is created [27,28]. In the quintuple helix, the new appendage of the environment and the added ecological issues are used as a driver of Innovation and research [28][29][30].…”