Unveiling the Complexity of Japanese Metallic Threads

Abstract

In the framework of an extensive survey campaign on a collection of Japanese samurai armors, metallic threads from different parts of the traditional equipment were studied by several analytical techniques. The collection of armors belongs to Museo delle Culture (Lugano, Switzerland) and it is composed of ten elements, which date back from the 15th to 20th century. Metallic threads under study come from six of ten elements of the collection and represent a complex and unique multimaterial, which shows specific characteristics in Japanese tradition (kinran). The multianalytical approach based on ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray) analysis, together with a careful observation with optical and digital microscopy, permitted to obtain a complete characterization of materials, which have shown a great variability in metal foils and in organic adhesives (urushi, animal glue, starch). Gold and silver turned out to be not so largely used as scholars thought, while aluminum showed a great diffusion. Within the collection of analyzed armors, the obtained results allowed us for the first time to get a complete comprehension of materials and techniques used by Japanese craftsmen, and to observe differences in the quality of the materials and in manufacture technology over the centuries.

Differentiating between Natural and Modified Cellulosic Fibres Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy

“…Fibres of sample 6_1 showed a completely different morphology due to the uniformity and longitudinal striations which are typical of artificial fibres (Figure 11b). In a previous work [96] we identified sample 6_1 fibres as viscose.…”

Metals in Heritage Science

“…This book presents a collection of manuscripts from cutting-edge academic researchers and consists of the following: (i) one review paper regarding fractographic, metallographic and chemical analyses as key tools for improving the interpretation of damage in historical copper and silver alloys [1]; (ii) six experimental research papers focused on the chemical and metallurgical characterization of ancient artifacts such as ceramic casting molds, Nuragic bronze objects, Renaissance swords, Japanese metallic threads and an emblematic copper-based alloy monument [2][3][4][5][6][7]; (iii) two research articles on the use of oxygen depletion testing for quantitatively measuring the deterioration of historical metals and on the employment of different portable/transportable devices to assess the effects of the bronze disease phenomenon [8,9]; (iv) one experimental research paper that aims to determine the optimal application conditions of a new multifunctional coating containing Ag-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles, when used as a possible protective agent for sandstone [10].…”

“…The contribution by Geminiani et al [6] contains the results of an experimental campaign on metallic threads in the form of thin strips from different parts of six Japanese samurai armors dating back to the 15th to 20th century and belonging to 'Museo delle Culture' (Lugano, Switzerland). The research allowed us to assess the coexistence of traditional and modern production techniques as well as of traditional and modern materials.…”