Unveiling the complexities of Daboia russelii venom, a medically important snake of India, by tandem mass spectrometry

A proteomic analysis of Pakistan Daboia russelii russelii venom and assessment of potency of Indian polyvalent and monovalent antivenom

“…One of the LAAOs (Accession no. gi|395406796) found in Pakistan RVV was also reported in RVV from Southern India (7.9%) and Sri Lanka (5.2%) [7,8]. However, the relative abundance of LAAOs in RVV from Southern India RVV (7.9%) and Sri Lanka (5.2%) [7,8] is significantly higher as compared to Pakistan RVV (Fig.…”

“…Noteworthy, two of the SVSPs identified in Pakistan RVV (accession no. gi | 380875417 and gi | 13959655) were also found in RVVs from southern India [7] and Sri Lanka [8].…”

“…S2). Interestingly, 5 out of 13 SVMPs identified in Pakistan RVV (Table 3) share sequence homology with SVMPs in RVV from Southern India [7]. Nevertheless, only one SVMP (Accession no.…”

“…S2); however, the primary sequence similarity of SVSPs may not always be correlated with their biological activity or pharmacological potency [9,31,44,53]. A comparative analysis shows that percent contribution of SVSPs in Pakistan RVV (3.2%) is significantly lower compared to RVVs from Southern India (17.5%) and Sri Lanka (16.0%) [7,8]. Noteworthy, two of the SVSPs identified in Pakistan RVV (accession no.…”

“…Although venom of Russell's Vipers from different geographic origins of Indian subcontinent are well characterized [2,4,[6][7][8], with the exception of recent analyses of individual components [9][10][11][12][13], there is little information on composition, biochemical properties and pharmacological effects of RVV from Pakistan. Furthermore, snake venom is a largely untapped natural resource of novel pharmacologically active molecules [14], and only limited attempts have been made to explore the biomedically important proteins/peptides from Pakistan RVV.…”