Unveiling the Character of the Frequency in Power Systems

González-Longatt, Francisco; Sanchez, Francisco; Leelaruji, Rujiroj

doi:10.1109/gtdasia.2019.8715972

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Finally, the steady-state frequency (fss) denotes the frequency value at which the RoCoF is zero. This value is typically reached after the inertia response and the governor action [4]- [12][13].…”

Section: [ ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Table II, it can be observed that the settings are for the first and second stage of all relays, except relay in Load 24 that also has settings for third stage and relay in Load 29 has settings only for the first stage. These results mean that it is only required to activate those stages to ensure the frequency recovering and fulfil the inequality constrains defined in (4). Furthermore, it is given the frequency setpoint of each stage, and those values satisfy the inequality constraint defined in (5) which determine that frequency setpoint must be 58.4 ≤ fsp ≤ (59.5-59.3).…”

Section: Case I (No Ufls Scheme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An emergency control plan used by years is the well-known under-frequency load shedding (UFLS). The UFLS strategy is designed to balance the demand for electricity with the supply rapidly and to avoid cascading power system failure [4]. It is essential to coordinate the UFLS with under-frequency protection of the generator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal UFLS Settings: An Assessment of Frequency System Response Indicators

Adiyabazar

González-Longatt

Acosta

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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This paper investigates the positive changes in the system frequency response indicators caused by the implementation of a set of optimal settings of an underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. The optimal UFLS scheme is optimised by minimising the total amount of load shedding and considering the recovery process of the system frequency into its operational values after several losses of generation and satisfies the requirements of the UFLS standard (PRC-006-SERC-02). The idea of implementing the optimal UFLS scheme is to identify how changes the minimum frequency, minimum time, rate of change of frequency and steady-state frequency when the amount of load shedding change. The optimal UFLS scheme formulation starts with identifying the variables to control with the optimisation and its respective bounds. Then, the objective function is formulated in terms of the total load shedding, and finally, the restrictions and requirements of the systems are written as inequality constraints. The optimal UFLS is evaluated in the IEEE 39-bus system. The simulations results demonstrate the suitability of the optimal UFLS to improve the frequency response indicators.

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Section: [ ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case I (No Ufls Scheme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal UFLS Settings: An Assessment of Frequency System Response Indicators

Adiyabazar

González-Longatt

Acosta

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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“…The UFLS strategy is designed so as to balance the demand for electricity with the supply rapidly and to avoid a rapidly cascading power system failure [4]. In simple terms, the UFLS is designed to prevent the system frequency from staying too low for too long by disconnecting the right amount of power loads to regain frequency control.…”

Section: Improvement Of the Frequency Response Indicators By Optimal mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal frequency response indicators are represented in Fig. 2, and they are defined as follows [4]- [12][13]:…”

Section: A Frequency Response Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Frequency Response Indicators by Optimal UFLS Scheme Settings

Acosta

Andrade

Vázquez

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

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This research investigates the positive changes in the system frequency response indicators caused by the implementation of a set of optimal settings of an under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. The optimal under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is optimised by minimising the total amount of load shedding and taking into account the recovery process of the system frequency into its operational values after several losses of generation and satisfies the requirements of the under-frequency load shedding standard (PRC-006-SERC-02). The idea of implementing the optimal UFLS scheme is to identify how changes the minimum frequency, minimum time, rate of change of frequency and steady-state frequency when the amount of load shedding change. The optimal UFLS scheme formulation starts with identifying the variables to control with the optimisation and its respective bounds. Then, the objective function is formulated in terms of the total load shedding, and finally, the restrictions and requirements of the systems are written as inequality constraints. The optimal UFLS is evaluated in the IEEE 39-bus system. The simulations results demonstrate the suitability of the optimal UFLS to improve the frequency response indicators.

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Innovative primary frequency control in low‐inertia power systems based on wide‐area RoCoF sharing

Chamorro

Sevilla

González-Longatt

et al. 2020

IET Energy Systems Integration

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Future plans for integration of large non-synchronous generation and the expansion of the power system in the Nordic countries are a concern to transmission system operators due to the common interconnections and electricity exchanges among these operative areas. The expected reduction in the inertia anticipates an alteration of the frequency response, provoking a high Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) slopes that can jeopardise the security of the interconnected systems. Since power generation in the Nordic countries such as Sweden, Finland and Norway is hydro-dominated, here, the authors propose a novel solution to tackle this problem including wide area measurements to monitor and share the RoCoF in remote areas with lower inertia to enhance their primary frequency control. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, first a test benchmark control with optimised parameters is developed and later compared against the proposed method. Additionally, since the proposed solution is based on measurements from remote locations in order to guarantee the stability of the system the impact of delays in the communication channels is also included in the problem formulation.

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Unveiling the Character of the Frequency in Power Systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Optimal UFLS Settings: An Assessment of Frequency System Response Indicators

Optimal UFLS Settings: An Assessment of Frequency System Response Indicators

Improvement of the Frequency Response Indicators by Optimal UFLS Scheme Settings

Innovative primary frequency control in low‐inertia power systems based on wide‐area RoCoF sharing

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