Unveiling the Antioxidant, Clinical Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Cytotoxic Potential of Tambourissa peltata Baker—An Understudied Endemic Plant

Abstract

This study documents for the first time the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Tambourissa peltata Baker, an endemic plant from Mauritius. Phytochemical extraction was performed using ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water as solvents. The phytochemical composition was determined through HPLC-MS and other standard assays. The DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and phosphomolybdenum assays were employed for the determination of the antioxidant potential, whereas cell viability assays were used to determine the cytotoxicity. The highest phenolic and phenolic acid contents were obtained in the aqueous extract (179.91 ± 0.67 gallic acid equivalents/g and 55.74 ± 1.43 caffeic acid equivalents/g). The highest quantity of flavonoids was obtained in the ethyl acetate extract (28.97 ± 0.46 rutin equivalents/g). The methanolic extract was the highest source of flavonols (33.71 ± 0.13 mg catechin equivalents/g). A total of 34 phytochemicals were identified, mainly proanthocyanidins and flavonoid glycosides. The highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (973.40 ± 5.65 mg TE (Trolox equivalents)/g), ABTS (2030.37 ± 40.83 mg TE/g), FRAP (1461.39 ± 5.95 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (1940.99 ± 20.95 mg TE/g) and phosphomolybdenum (8.37 ± 0.23 mmol TE/g) assays was recorded for the aqueous extract. The ethyl acetate extract was the most active metal chelator. The highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was the methanolic extract, whereas the ethyl acetate extract was the most active against BChE. The tyrosinase enzyme was most inhibited by the methanolic extract. Alpha-amylase and glucosidase were most inhibited by the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract was capable of inducing cell cytotoxicity to the human colorectal carcinoma without damaging normal cells. T. peltata warrants further attention from the scientific community given its multifaceted biological properties.

Nutritional Composition, Mineral Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Selected Indian Guava Cultivars Leaf Extract

“…Likewise, Raj et al [8] described the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of essential oil of different guava cultivars, and the highest inhibition was recorded with an IC 50 of 133.45 µg/mL for the Karela cultivar and it was relatively lesser than the results observed in the present report. Suroowan et al [41] analyzed the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effect of the Tambourissa peltata leaf and revealed that the methanolic extract (155.30 ± 0.55 mg KAE/g) had a better inhibition effect among ethyl acetate and distilled water extracts and this also supports the results of the present study that recorded the highest percentage of inhibitions in methanolic extracts.…”

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

“…Orchidaceae tubers [194] Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae leaves [195] Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae fruits [196] Andropogon virginicus Poaceae aerial parts [197] Angelica keiskei Umbelliferae leaves, roots [198] Arachis hypogaea Fabaceae peanut shell [154] Areca catechu Palmaceae fruits [195] Arctium minus Asteraceae flower heads, leaves, roots [199] Artemisia verlotiorum Asteraceae whole plant [200] Atractylodis macrocephalae Asteraceae rhizomes [201] Berberis thunbergii Berberidaceae leaves [202] Bergenia pacumbis Saxifragaceae plant and its rhizomes [203] Blepharis linariifolia Acanthaceae aerial parts [204] Bletilla striata Orchidaceae tubers, fibrous roots [205] Breynia retusa Phyllanthaceae leaves [206] Bridelia ferruginea Phyllanthaceae leaves, stem bark [207] Bruguiera gymnorhiza Rhizophoraceae leaves, roots, fruits [158] Cakile maritima Brassicaceae fruits, leaves, stems [208] Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae seeds [169] Carthamus tinctorius Asteraceae seeds [209] Celastrus hindsii Celastracea leaves [210] Cercis glabra Fabaceae leaves [211] Cladium mariscus Cyperaceae seeds [212] Clausena indica Rutaceae roots [213] Combretum micranthum Combretaceae leaves [196] Crotalaria burhia Fabaceae aerial parts, roots [214] Croton hirtus Euphorbiaceae aerial parts [215] Cudrania tricuspidata Moraceae fruits [216] Cytinus hypocistis Cytinaceae aerial parts [217] Dianella ensifolia Liliaceae roots [218] Dodonaea viscosa Sapindaceae stems [219] Elaeagnus angustifolia Elaeagnaceae fruits, leaves [220] Table 4. Cont.…”

“…Schisandraceae fruits [249] Secamone afzelii Asclepiadaceae leaves [250] Streblus taxoides Moraceae wood [251] Strobilanthes glutinosus Acanthaceae whole plant [252] Tambourissa peltat Monimiaceae fruits, flowers, leaves [200] Vitis amurensis Vitaceae root [253] Vitis vinifera Vitaceae seeds [169] Warburgia salutaris Canellacea barks [167] Zingiber kerrii Zingiberaceae rhizomes [254] Ziziphora taurica Lamiaceae aerial parts [255] The in vitro spectrophotometric enzyme tyrosinase inhibition assay was used to measure anti-tyrosinase activity, compared with kojic acid or β-arbutin as a reference tyrosinase inhibitor.…”

The Readiness to Harness the Floristic Uniqueness of Mauritius in Biomedicine

“…In the search for promising drug candidates, some investigators have allowed their research work to be guided by the medicinal uses of endemic plants, intending to elucidate the active ingredients and validate their purported therapeutic claims [37,39,[46][47][48][49][50]54,55,61,67,68]. Meanwhile other scientists have randomly screened the unexplored unique floral reserve, aiming to evaluate the health benefits of these endangered plant species before their permanent loss due to extinction [32][33][34]51,63]. Yet, a pre-clinical drug candidate budding from the endemic resources of Mauritius is beyond the horizon.…”