Unveiling Political Opinion Structures with a Web-experiment

Gravino, Pietro; Caminiti, Saverio; Sîrbu, Alina; Tria, Francesca; Servedio, Vito D. P.; Loreto, Vittorio

doi:10.5220/0005906300390047

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows a histogram of all ratings obtained after random sampling, for an example simulation, where 50% of voters are from Party 1 and the rest from the Party 2. We can see that the distribution obtained is similar to that of [5], in that most votes concentrate around the ±1 values (see Figure 2 in [5]).…”

Section: Egalitarian Voting In Simulationssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…We fix the number of candidates to C = 5 (A,B,C,D,E) and the number of voters to N = 10000. A recent analysis of ratings given by voters to real political candidates, in an online experiment [5], showed that, in general, voters tend to rate a few candidates very well, and many candidates very low, with an exponential distribution of ratings between the two extremes. We take this into account and try to reproduce the distribution of ratings observed in this real experiment.…”

Section: Egalitarian Voting In Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Egalitarianism vs. Utilitarianism in Preferential Voting

Contucci

Sîrbu

2018

The Future of Digital Democracy

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Democratic societies base much of their decisions on voting procedures that involve aggregation of individual votes into a winning solution. While for two candidates majority voting can provide satisfactory results, for three or more candidates the winner depends on the voting method employed. In this chapter we analyse preferential voting, where voting ballots consist of a ranking of candidates. We first study the classical Condorcet criterium introduced to maximise the total satisfaction of voters, i.e. the utilitarian criterion. We then complement it with a recently introduced method to minimise the total un-evenness of the rewards, i.e. the egalitarian dimension. We show, through targeted examples and analysis of synthetic vote data, that the new dimension may lead to more fair results, and can provide resilience to radical voter opinions.

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Section: Egalitarian Voting In Simulationssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Egalitarian Voting In Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egalitarianism vs. Utilitarianism in Preferential Voting

Contucci

Sîrbu

2018

The Future of Digital Democracy

Self Cite

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“…From an anthropogenic perspective, the adjacent possible is commonly referred to as ‘the set of possibilities that are one step away from what actually exists’ (Gravino, Monechi, Servedio, Tria, & Loreto, 2016 , p. 115). Exploratory journeys into the adjacent possible are typically creative, complex, iterative processes which may result in (1) variable degrees of emergent success; (2) generating serendipitous opportunities, and (3) failure (Gravino et al., 2016 ). One recent application of the adjacent possible within the field of micro-economics is called the ‘opportunity vacuum model’ (Planing, 2017 , p. 1).…”

Section: Innovation Theory and The Adjacent Possiblementioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the innovative potentials of a HIV pilot exploring medical pluralism in rural South Africa

Burman

2018

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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This article reflects on an internal evaluation undertaken to estimate the potentials of a community-university pilot project to be developed into a bonafide innovation that can be applied at scale. The focus of the community-university partnership has been to reduce the unintended consequences of medical pluralism on the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Waterberg district, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Despite promising outputs from the partnership – including an increase in adherence to antiretroviral therapy and a reduction in stigma among traditionalists living with HIV – the partnership wished to establish whether further funding should be applied for to take the pilot from its current prototype status to a more established innovation. In order to evaluate the innovative potentials of the pilot, the opportunity vacuum model of innovation was adapted and applied. The findings indicate that (1) the application of the opportunity vacuum model of innovation to evaluate the potentials of the pilot to be developed into a bonafide innovation was fit for purpose and (2) the pilot contains the key ingredients that are associated with innovations in the making. The discussion reflects on the social potentials of the pilot to contribute to 90-90-90 from a global, national and local perspective. The reflection concludes by suggesting that the opportunity vacuum model of innovation is a versatile heuristic that could be applied in other contexts and the community-university pilot represents a nascent innovation which has sufficient potential to justify further development.

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“…For instance, political scientists observed markedly increased political polarization in the USA, which threatens democracies [31]. An experimental study unveiling Italian political opinion structures also showed that the peaks emerge at the opposite extreme opinions [32]. Sociologists noted the aggregation of individuals that trust false news and misinformation, which has been recorded as one of main threats to human society by the World Economic Forum [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Confirmation Bias and Peer Pressure in Opinion Dynamics

et al. 2021

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Confirmation bias and peer pressure are regarded as the main psychology origins of personal opinion adjustment. Each show substantial impacts on the formation of collective decisions. Nevertheless, few attempts have been made to study how the interplay between these two mechanisms affects public opinion evolution on large-scale social networks. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model of opinion dynamics which incorporates the conjugate effect of confirmation bias (characterized by the population identity scope and initiative adaptation speed) and peer pressure (described by a susceptibility threshold and passive adaptation speed). First, a counterintuitive non-monotonous phenomenon arises in the homogeneous population: the number of opinion clusters first increases and then decreases to one as the population identity scope becomes larger. We then consider heterogeneous populations where “impressionable” individuals with large susceptibility to peer pressure and “confident” individuals with small susceptibility coexist. We find that even a small fraction of impressionable individuals could help eliminate public polarization when population identity scope is relatively large. In particular, the impact of impressionable agents would be greater if these agents are hubs. More intriguingly, while impressionable individuals have randomly distributed initial opinions, most of them would finally evolve to moderates. We highlight the emergence of these “impressionable moderates” who are easily influenced, yet are important in public opinion competition, which may inspire efficient strategies in winning competitive campaigns.

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Unveiling Political Opinion Structures with a Web-experiment

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Egalitarianism vs. Utilitarianism in Preferential Voting

Egalitarianism vs. Utilitarianism in Preferential Voting

An evaluation of the innovative potentials of a HIV pilot exploring medical pluralism in rural South Africa

Modeling Confirmation Bias and Peer Pressure in Opinion Dynamics

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