Unveiling hákarl: A study of the microbiota of the traditional Icelandic fermented fish

Osimani, Andrea; Ferrocino, Ilario; Agnolucci, Monica; Cocolin, Luca Simone; Giovannetti, Manuela; Cristani, Caterina; Palla, Michela; Milanović, Vesna; Roncolini, Andrea; Sabbatini, Riccardo; Garofalo, Cristiana; Clementi, Francesca; Cardinali, Federica; Petruzzelli, Annalisa; Gabucci, Claudia; Tonucci, Francesco; Aquilanti, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.027

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…PCR products were prepared for the sequencing by MiSeq Illumina instrument (Illumina) with V3 chemistry as previously detailed by Zarantoniello et al (2020) 19 . Paired-end reads were assembled with FLASH 58 and quality filtered (at Phred < Q20) using QIIME 1.9.0 software and the pipeline recently described 59 . OTUs were clustered at 97% of similarity and taxonomy was assessed by Greengenes database v. 2013.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects' fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers. The promotion of high-quality fish production as well as fish welfare are the main aquaculture goals, both strictly related to an adequate fish nutrition 1. The use of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) in aquafeed formulation is no more feasible because of important environmental and economic issues 2. Over the last decades, several alternative ingredients (plant origin proteins, microalgae and processed animal proteins) to FM and FO have been tested 3. However, each of these ingredients showed some disadvantages in its application in aquafeed formulation including unbalanced amino acid profile, poor protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors and high production costs 3,4. Insects are now considered as an alternative and sustainable ingredient for feed production 5. In particular, the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) larvae are one of the most promising candidates because of their proper protein content and the amino acid composition similar to that of FM 6,7. In addition, BSF have low environmental requirements, a high feed conversion efficiency and they can growth on organic by-products, promoting sustainability and the circular economy concept in the aquaculture sector 8,9. Several studies tested different BSF inclusion levels in aquafeed formulation but results on fish physiological responses are still controversial, while behavioural effects on fish are completely missing 10-13. The use of BSF in aquafeed has been shown, at certain inclusion levels,

show abstract

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ochrobactrum is considered an opportunistic bacterium with antimicrobial resistance that has been associated with human wound infections (Furlan and Stehling, 2017). This genus was frequently isolated from soil samples and it was also recently detected in traditional Icelandic fermented fish called hakarl (Osimani et al, 2019). Macrococcus, a gram-positive bacterium closely related to Staphylococcus, was often found in animal skin samples and their meat products (Sae et al, 2010).…”

Section: Multivariate Statistical Analysis Of Metabolites and Microormentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Application of High-Throughput Sequencing and Metabolomics Reveals Metabolically Active Microorganisms During Panxian Ham Processing

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Panxian ham, a traditional Chinese dry-cured ham, is protected by national geographical indication. Similar to other fermented foods, the microbial population of dry-cured ham is pivotal to taste and flavor formation. This study aimed to establish the relationship between microorganisms and metabolites during the spontaneous fermentation of Panxian ham. Multivariate analysis based on metabolomics data revealed that continuous metabolic changes occurred during the entire fermentation process, with the most significant changes occurring in the initial stage of ripening. Thirty-one significantly different metabolites (SDMs) were identified as discriminant factor, and pathway analysis suggested that these metabolites were involved in 30 pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism. Microbial community analysis using the Illumina MiSeq platform indicated that the bacterial community was more complex than the fungal community, and their succession regulation differed during processing. At the genus level, 11 bacteria and five fungi were identified as core microbes, of which Staphylococcus was the dominant bacteria and Debaryomyces and Aspergillus were the dominant fungi. Further, statistical redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that Staphylococcus, Debaryomyces, and Chromohalobacter promoted the production of amino and fatty acids; Cobetia and Aspergillus were associated with sugar metabolism, and Kushneria, Penicillium, and Yamadazyma were closely related with organic acids. These findings provide fundamental knowledge regarding the metabolically active microorganisms in Panxian ham, helping industrial processors to develop effective strategies for standardizing quality parameters.

show abstract

“…The same product is now being developed for human food purposes (Strong et al , 2015). Other less obvious examples are reflected in Belgian Gueuze beers (Spitaels et al , 2014), traditional Icelandic fermented fish, i.e., hákarl (Osimani et al , 2019), traditional cheeses (Montel et al , 2014) and salami (Połka et al , 2015), none of which contain a defined microbiome, but also contain few or no pathogenic interference in the processing stage or final product.…”

Section: How To Deal With Stochasticity: the Regulators’ Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Stochasticity in microbiology: managing unpredictability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals

Vrieze

Mulder

Matassa

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Pure (single) cultures of microorganisms and mixed microbial communities (microbiomes) have been important for centuries in providing renewable energy, clean water and food products to human society and will continue to play a crucial role to pursue the Sustainable Development Goals. To use microorganisms effectively, microbial engineered processes require adequate control. Microbial communities are shaped by manageable deterministic processes, but also by stochastic processes, which can promote unforeseeable variations and adaptations. Here, we highlight the impact of stochasticity in single culture and microbiome engineering. First, we discuss the concepts and mechanisms of stochasticity in relation to microbial ecology of single cultures and microbiomes. Second, we discuss the consequences of stochasticity in relation to process performance and human health, which are reflected in key disadvantages and important opportunities. Third, we propose a suitable decision tool to deal with stochasticity in which monitoring of stochasticity and setting the boundaries of stochasticity by regulators are central aspects. Stochasticity may give rise to some risks, such as the presence of pathogens in microbiomes. We argue here that by taking the necessary precautions and through clever monitoring and interpretation, these risks can be mitigated.

show abstract

Unveiling hákarl: A study of the microbiota of the traditional Icelandic fermented fish

Cited by 48 publications

References 83 publications

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Combined Application of High-Throughput Sequencing and Metabolomics Reveals Metabolically Active Microorganisms During Panxian Ham Processing

Stochasticity in microbiology: managing unpredictability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About