Unusually high soil nitrogen oxide emissions influence air quality in a high-temperature agricultural region

Oikawa, Patricia Y.; Ge, Cui; Wang, Jun; Eberwein, J. R.; Liang, Limin; Allsman, Lindy A.; Grantz, David A.; Jenerette, G. Darrel

doi:10.1038/ncomms9753

Cited by 121 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…As a result, regional RMSE was reduced by 18 and 27 % at 1.1 and 0.56 • resolutions compared to 2.8 • resolution. Errors, for instance, in soil NO x emissions in summer (e.g., Oikawa et al, 2015;Weber et al, 2015) could contribute to underestimations over rural areas. Over South Africa, high concentrations were observed over the Highveld region of South Africa, a complex source area, as noted in Sect.…”

Section: Global and Regional Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We evaluate global tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) simulations using the CHASER V4.0 global chemical transport model (CTM) at horizontal resolutions of 0.56, 1.1, and 2.8 • . Model evaluation was conducted using satellite tropospheric NO 2 retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and aircraft observations from the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ). Agreement against satellite retrievals improved greatly at 1.1 and 0.56 • resolutions (compared to 2.8 • resolution) over polluted and biomass burning regions. The 1.1 • simulation generally captured the regional distribution of the tropospheric NO 2 column well, whereas 0.56 • resolution was necessary to improve the model performance over areas with strong local sources, with mean bias reductions of 67 % over Beijing and 73 % over San Francisco in summer. Validation using aircraft observations indicated that high-resolution simulations reduced negative NO 2 biases below 700 hPa over the Denver metropolitan area. These improvements in high-resolution simulations were attributable to (1) closer spatial representativeness between simulations and observations and (2) better representation of large-scale concentration fields (i.e., at 2.8 • ) through the consideration of small-scale processes. Model evaluations conducted at 0.5 and 2.8 • bin grids indicated that the contributions of both these processes were comparable over most polluted regions, whereas the latter effect (2) made a larger contribution over eastern China and biomass burning areas. The evaluations presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of using a high-resolution global CTM for studying megacity-scale air pollutants across the entire globe, potentially also contributing to global satellite retrievals and chemical data assimilation.

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Section: Global and Regional Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0

et al. 2018

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“…Because these emissions are distributed over broad areas and are not directly anthropogenic, they present additional challenges to air quality management. Indirect approaches, such as changes to fertilizer application practices, have the potential to significantly reduce S NO x from agricultural regions (Oikawa et al, 2015). Decreases in direct anthropogenic NO x emissions may also lead to a decrease in S NO x by reducing the amount of nitrogen available to the ecosystem (Pilegaard, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature-dependent NOx emissions on continental ozone production

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Surface ozone concentrations are observed to increase with rising temperatures, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect in rural and remote continental regions remain uncertain. Better understanding of the effects of temperature on ozone is crucial to understanding global air quality and how it may be affected by climate change. We combine measurements from a focused ground campaign in summer 2013 with a long-term record from a forested site in the rural southeastern United States, to examine how daily average temperature affects ozone production. We find that changes to local chemistry are key drivers of increased ozone concentrations on hotter days, with integrated daily ozone production increasing by 2.3 ppb • C −1 . Nearly half of this increase is attributable to temperature-driven increases in emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), most likely by soil microbes. The increase of soil NO x emissions with temperature suggests that ozone will continue to increase with temperature in the future, even as direct anthropogenic NO x emissions decrease dramatically. The links between temperature, soil NO x , and ozone form a positive climate feedback.

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“…Some studies, on the other hand, measure peak emissions several days after the first re-wetting of the soil, e.g. 7 days as observed in field by Oikawa et al (2015). Our algorithm does not specifically distinguish between such cases by taking average time series after the first precipitation event.…”

Section: Estimated Nitrogen Emission Fluxes From the Emission Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-satellite sensor study on precipitation-induced emission pulses of NOx from soils in semi-arid ecosystems

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We present a top-down approach to infer and quantify rain-induced emission pulses of NO x ( ≡ NO + NO 2 ), stemming from biotic emissions of NO from soils, from satellite-borne measurements of NO 2 . This is achieved by synchronizing time series at single grid pixels according to the first day of rain after a dry spell of prescribed duration. The full track of the temporal evolution several weeks before and after a rain pulse is retained with daily resolution. These are needed for a sophisticated background correction, which accounts for seasonal variations in the time series and allows for improved quantification of rain-induced soil emissions. The method is applied globally and provides constraints on pulsed soil emissions of NO x in regions where the NO x budget is seasonally dominated by soil emissions.We find strong peaks of enhanced NO 2 vertical column densities (VCDs) induced by the first intense precipitation after prolonged droughts in many semi-arid regions of the world, in particular in the Sahel. Detailed investigations show that the rain-induced NO 2 pulse detected by the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY satellite instruments could not be explained by other sources, such as biomass burning or lightning, or by retrieval artefacts (e.g. due to clouds).

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Unusually high soil nitrogen oxide emissions influence air quality in a high-temperature agricultural region

Cited by 121 publications

References 65 publications

Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0

Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0

Effects of temperature-dependent NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions on continental ozone production

Multi-satellite sensor study on precipitation-induced emission pulses of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> from soils in semi-arid ecosystems

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Unusually high soil nitrogen oxide emissions influence air quality in a high-temperature agricultural region

Cited by 121 publications

References 65 publications

Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0

Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0

Effects of temperature-dependent NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; emissions on continental ozone production

Multi-satellite sensor study on precipitation-induced emission pulses of NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; from soils in semi-arid ecosystems

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Product

Resources

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Effects of temperature-dependent NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions on continental ozone production

Multi-satellite sensor study on precipitation-induced emission pulses of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> from soils in semi-arid ecosystems