Unusual ultra-low-frequency fluctuations in freestanding graphene

Xu, Peng; Neek-Amal, M.; Barber, S.D.; Schoelz, J.K.; Ackerman, M.L.; Thibado, P. M.; Sadeghi, Ali; Peeters, F. M.

doi:10.1038/ncomms4720

Cited by 80 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From this it suggests that the standard deviation of local thickness of a graphene stratum is of the same order as its mean thickness at the 600nm scale. We note also the report by Xu et al [19] of thermal effects on height fluctuations of freestanding graphene during scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

A Model for Gaussian Perturbations of Graphene

Dodson

2015

J Stat Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphene consists nominally of a regular planar hexagonal carbon lattice monolayer. However, its structure experiences perturbations in the presence of external influences, whether from substrate properties, thermal or electromagnetic fields, or ambient fluid movement. Here we give an information geometric model to represent the state space of perturbations as a Riemannian pseudosphere with scalar curvature close to − 1 2 . This would allow the representation of a trajectory of states under a given ambient or process change, so opening the possibility for geometrically formulated dynamical models to link structural perturbations to the physics.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

A Model for Gaussian Perturbations of Graphene

Dodson

2015

J Stat Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the thermal fluctuations induced ripples are intrinsic features on graphene sheets. As observed under STM [189], these spontaneous ripples on the suspended graphene are dynamic. Plus, the density of the ripples is higher near the edges or defects due to the amplified asymmetry of the bond lengths at these regions [188,190].…”

Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Crumples are dense deformations that are generated by rapid evaporation, usually occurring isotropically in two or three dimensions [189,201]. For example, submicrometer-size ball-like crumpled graphene structures can be produced by isotropic compression and thermal reduction of GO [202].…”

Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, intrinsic ripples are expected to influence the electrical properties of graphene by changing band gap [239], creating polarized carrier puddles [240] and inducing pseudo-magnetic fields [241]. Whereas wrinkles and crumples result in several electronic phenomena, such as electron-hole puddles [189,242], carrier scattering [195,243], band gap opening [244], suppression of weak localization [245] and quantum corrections [246]. …”

Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Gao

Lee

et al. 2018

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

494

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monolayer graphene exhibits extraordinary properties owing to the unique, regular arrangement of atoms in it. However, graphene is usually modified for specific applications, which introduces disorder. This article presents details of graphene structure, including sp2 hybridization, critical parameters of the unit cell, formation of σ and π bonds, electronic band structure, edge orientations, and the number and stacking order of graphene layers. We also discuss topics related to the creation and configuration of disorders in graphene, such as corrugations, topological defects, vacancies, adatoms and sp3-defects. The effects of these disorders on the electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of graphene are analyzed subsequently. Finally, we review previous work on the modulation of structural defects in graphene for specific applications.

show abstract

“…It is worth mentioning that SPM nanoindentations do not leave the atomically thin membrane mechanically undisturbed during measurements [126,127]. Local membrane deformations at the location of the scanning tip are produced.…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Scanning Probe Microscopy of Graphene and Other 2D Materials

Musumeci

2017

Crystals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and metal dichalcogenides, are an emerging class of materials, which hold the promise to enable next-generation electronics. Features such as average flake size, shape, concentration, and density of defects are among the most significant properties affecting these materials' functions. Because of the nanoscopic nature of these features, a tool performing morphological and functional characterization on this scale is required. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques offer the possibility to correlate morphology and structure with other significant properties, such as opto-electronic and mechanical properties, in a multilevel characterization at atomic-and nanoscale. This review gives an overview of the different SPM techniques used for the characterization of 2D materials. A basic introduction of the working principles of these methods is provided along with some of the most significant examples reported in the literature. Particular attention is given to those techniques where the scanning probe is not used as a simple imaging tool, but rather as a force sensor with very high sensitivity and resolution.

show abstract

Unusual ultra-low-frequency fluctuations in freestanding graphene

Cited by 80 publications

References 32 publications

A Model for Gaussian Perturbations of Graphene

A Model for Gaussian Perturbations of Graphene

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Advanced Scanning Probe Microscopy of Graphene and Other 2D Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About