Unusual Synchronous Association of Solid Tumors with Hematological Malignancies in Multiple Primary Cancers: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract

The incidence of synchronous multiple primary malignancies (MPMs), which include both solid and hematological malignancy, is considered very rare. In addition, the involvement of sites such as brain, thyroid, and breast are among the least reported in such complex conditions. Here we report five different types of solid tumors including glioblastoma multiforme, thyroid papillary carcinoma, breast invasive ductal carcinoma, colon cancer, and gastric adenocarcinoma that were associated with synchronous five different hematological malignancies in the form of T-cell lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), nodal marginal zone NHL, diffuse large B-cell NHL, Hodgkin lymphoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue marginal zone NHL, respectively. The diagnosis of MPMs can be challenging, and there is no standard treatment for such difficult primary malignancies. However, the management of these conditions should be individualized using tumor board discussion and ensuring multidisciplinary coordinated care, besides considering treatment of the more aggressive malignancy before that with the less malignant potential.

Synchronous Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Rare Case Report

“…The presence of a second malignancy, require an instant and aggressive workup to prove there is two different pathologies, for early detection and management and for better outcomes and prognosis. The prognosis of such cases is very variable and mainly determined by the outcome of the most aggressive tumor [8].…”

Updates on the pathophysiology and therapies of chylous pleural effusion: A narrative review

“…The formation of pleural CPE in malignancy is primarily caused by compression or invasion of the TD and lymphatic obliteration due to tumor radiation therapy [16,17]. Non-traumatic CPE development mechanisms are multiple, which can be single or in combination.…”

A Rare Case of a Chylous Pleural Effusion as the Initial Manifestation of Synchronous Tumors

“…The most common cause of chylothorax is neoplasm, which is responsible for more than 50% of cases. The main physiological mechanisms of pleural chylous effusion formation are compression/invasion of the thoracic duct and obliteration of the lymphatics after radiation therapy [3,4].…”