Unusual soft-sediment deformation structures in the Maritimes Basin, Canada: Possible seismic origin

Snyder, Morgan; Waldron, John W.F.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.03.014

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Many processes can trigger soft‐sediment deformation, including earthquakes, volcanism, meteorite impacts, permafrost thawing, groundwater fluctuations, storm waves, slumping, and rapid sediment loading (Alves, 2015; Martín‐Chivelet, Palma, López‐Gómez, & Kietzmann, 2011; Owen et al, 2011; Owen & Moretti, 2011; Snyder & Waldron, 2016). Owen et al (2011) suggested the following three‐stage approach for the interpretation of the trigger mechanism: (a) assessment of facies; (b) assessment of potential triggers; and (c) assessment of available criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many processes can trigger soft-sediment deformation, including earthquakes, volcanism, meteorite impacts, permafrost thawing, groundwater fluctuations, storm waves, slumping, and rapid sediment loading (Alves, 2015;Martín-Chivelet, Palma, López-Gómez, & Kietzmann, 2011;Snyder & Waldron, 2016). are present consistently in a given facies type, then other triggers can be excluded.…”

Section: Trigger Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earthquakes are the most common allogenic trigger mechanism for soft-sedimentary deformation structures that affect multiple stratigraphic intervals (Põldsaar & Ainsaar, 2014;Snyder & Waldron, 2016).…”

Section: Trigger Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of the lenticular sand bodies, synsedimentary faults and slump structures also cannot be attributed to rapid deposition, because they do not appear in a rapid depositional environment. Snyder and Waldron (2016) Criteria that can be used to assess earthquake-triggered softsediment deformation structures include large areal extent, lateral continuity, vertical repetition, restriction to single intervals, similarity with structures described from recent earthquakes, proximity to active faults, and increasing complexity and frequency closer to active faults . These criteria, however, have some limitations (Moretti & van Loon, 2014).…”

Section: Trigger Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Owen (2003), the formation of ball‐and‐pillow structures (as well as simple and pendulous load casts, attached pseudonodules, and detached pseudonodules) is directly linked to load structures that form by density loading and unequal loading (Moretti & Ronchi, 2011; Snyder & Waldron, 2016). The following five deformation pathways have been suggested for ball‐and‐pillow structures: (a) repeated detachment of pseudonodules; (b) lateral drift of pseudonodules; (c) simultaneous loading of several denser layers; (d) upward stoping of fluidized sediment through non‐fluidized sediment; and (e) isolated slump folding (Owen, 2003).…”

Section: Soft‐sediment Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earthquake‐induced soft‐sediment deformation structures from the Upper Triassic of the Jiyuan district, southern North China Craton: Implications for the Qinling Orogeny

Wang

Yang

2020

Geological Journal

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Soft-sediment deformation structures are abundant in the upper part of the Upper Triassic Tanzhuang Formation in the Jiyuan district, southern North China Craton. These deformation structures include large load casts, flame structures, ball-andpillow structures, lenticular sand bodies, synsedimentary faults, and slump structures. The lenticular sand bodies, synsedimentary faults, and slump structures developed in the deep lake environment, while large load casts, flame structures, ball-and-pillow structures occurred in the deltaic environment. Based on the geometrical characteristics of the soft-sediment deformation structures and criteria for recognizing the effects of seismic events, we exclude two major autogenic triggers (including slumping and sediment overloading) and infer that a seismic event was responsible for triggering deformation. Seismic activity was likely associated with activity on the Luanchuan Fault in the Qinling Orogen. The large size and complexity of the softsediment deformation structures, together with their long distance from the inferred epicentre, indicate a high-magnitude earthquake that is associated with the intensive uplift in the orogenic setting. Comparison of our data with soft-sediment deformation structures from the Ordos Basin and the Yima district suggests that the Qinling Orogen was subjected to at least two phases of uplift during Late Triassic orogenesis.

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