Unusual Presentation of Human Giant Orf (Ecthyma Contagiosum)

Key, Steven; Catania, Joseph A.; Mustafa, Shakir; Logan, Richard F.; Kalavala, Manju; Hodder, S.C.; Patton, D W

doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e3180f611b4

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Humans can acquire the infection from infected animals, meat and their products. In humans, the lesions are found on the fingers, hands and knuckles, and rarely on the face [76], nose [77] and sometimes on the lips [78] in the form of papules. Besides local dermal lesions, systemic signs such as pyrexia, malaise and lymphadenopathy lasting for 4-5 weeks can be observed in infected individuals.…”

Section: Clinical Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orf: an update on current research and future perspectives

Hosamani¹,

Scagliarini²,

Bhanuprakash³

et al. 2009

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

154

241

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Orf is one of the most widespread viral diseases worldwide, affecting mostly small ruminants and, sometimes, other species, including wild animals. Of late, there have been an increasing number of reports of new species being affected by the disease, implying a dynamic host-pathogen interaction. The causative agent, orf virus, has been extensively investigated over recent years, owing to its zoonotic importance and ability to cross-infect other species sporadically. The evasive mechanisms that the virus has developed to adapt and grow in the presence of an active immune response helps to explain the ability of the virus to repeatedly reinfect the same host. The apparent diversity in the antigenic/immune targets of different orf virus strains involved in such repeat infections may also be contributing factors. Exposure of animals to stress or immunosupression as a result of therapy or primary viral infection can accentuate the severity of disease. Genes homologous to host cytokines or their antagonists, and which contribute to viral virulence, have been found in the viral genome. A combination of electron microscopy, histology and PCR is the most accurate laboratory approach for confirmation of the disease, although clinical signs are often typical. However, some infections may be confounded by similar clinical manifestations caused by other infections. This review presents, in brief, a recent understanding of the virus at the host-pathogen level, molecular biology of the virus, disease epidemiology, clinical manifestations in man and animals, diagnostic procedures, and the economic and environmental impact of the disease.

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Section: Clinical Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orf: an update on current research and future perspectives

Hosamani¹,

Scagliarini²,

Bhanuprakash³

et al. 2009

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

154

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,3 Orf may occasionally induce systemic reactions such as erythema multiforme. Lesions may or may not be painful and usually reveal themselves 5 to 7 days after inoculation with the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handle With Care-A Case of a Nuisance Virus

Ellis

2011

Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice

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“…[1,2] In humans, it generally presents as an "iris-like shaped" solitary skin lesion, but may rarely have an unusual form or shape. [3,4] Here, we share a new dermatologic finding for orf. We were unable to find any previous reports of this clinical sign.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%