Unusual population explosion of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in East Asian waters

Kawahara, Masato; Uye, Shin-ichi; Ohtsu, Kohzoh; Iizumi, Hitoshi

doi:10.3354/meps307161

Cited by 224 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…However, its scyphistomae have not yet been found in the field. The ephyrae may be released into the plankton from the benthic scyphistomae during April-June (Kawahara et al 2006). Due to heavy rainfall in June and July in temperate East Asia, the Chanjiang (Yangtzu) low salinity water mass (LSWM) is formed in the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea, with its front extending to near Cheju Island (Chang & Isobe 2003).…”

Section: Life Cycle and Transportation Route Of N Nomuraimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fall of 2003, we collected N. nomurai medusae with fully mature gonads, obtained its scyphistomae (polyps) by artificial fertilization, and reared the budded ephyrae to the young medusa stage (Kawahara et al 2006). This rearing experiment enabled us to reconstruct the life cycle of this species as depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Life Cycle and Transportation Route Of N Nomuraimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth rates of N. nomurai medusae were determined for laboratory-reared larval and field-collected juvenile/adult specimens (Kawahara et al 2006). In the laboratory, 20-day old medusae of average weight of 1.5 gWW grew to 29 gWW over 28 days, giving a specific growth rate of 0.11 d Ϫ1 for this period.…”

Section: Food Growth Respiration and Food Requirement Of N Nomuraimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas

Uye

2008

Plankton Benthos Res

199

141

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Abstract:The rhizostome jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, which is endemic to the East Asian Marginal Seas (i.e. the Bohai, Yellow, East China and Japan Seas), is unique both by its enormous body size (ca. 2 m maximum bell diameter and 200 kg wet weight) and propensity for occasional population explosionss. Massive blooms of this species have historically been reported only once per ca. 40 years (i.e. in 1920, 1958 and 1995), but have become increasingly frequent recently (i.e. in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006). Both accumulated knowledge on the spatiotemporal distributions and physical modeling of the water circulation show that the medusae are released from benthic polyps during April-June in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and transported by the Tsushima Current to the Japan Sea. The bloom in 2005 might be the largest ever in history; as many as 3-5ϫ10 8 medusae passed through the Tsushima Strait daily during the summer and there were more than 100,000 complaints from commercial fishermen. The recent blooms of N. nomurai may have been caused by environmental changes, such as increased water temperature, eutrophication, coastal modification, and over-fishing in Chinese coastal waters. Frequent jellyfish blooms can apparently be a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas, one of the world's most productive fisheries grounds.

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Section: Life Cycle and Transportation Route Of N Nomuraimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Life Cycle and Transportation Route Of N Nomuraimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Food Growth Respiration and Food Requirement Of N Nomuraimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas

Uye

2008

Plankton Benthos Res

199

141

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“…Widersten (1965) showed that planulae of C. capillata could also form planulocysts prior to forming a scyphistoma, and that scyphistomae could produce podocysts. However, R. esculentum (Ding & Chen 1981), S. meleagris (Calder 1982), and N. nomura (Kawahara et al 2006) only produced one kind of cysts: podocysts. The numbers of ephyrae released from a strobila varied among species, Dale (1982), Ding & Chen (1981), and Kawahara et al (2006) found that S. meleagris, R. esculentum and N. nomurai all were polydiscous.…”

Section: Life Cycle Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such jellyfish blooms also occurred in Japan and Korea in 2003, and have caused damage and loss of fishing nets during the fishing season in all of the above waters. The giant jellyfish that bloomed along the coastal areas of Japan and Korea in 2003 was Nemopilema nomurai Kishinouye (Kawahara et al 2006), but surveys suggested that different giant jellyfish may be blooming in Chinese waters. In addition to N. nomurai, Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye also bloomed (Chen et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of life cycles and morphology of Cyanea nozakii and other scyphozoans

Dong

Sun

Wang

et al. 2008

Plankton Benthos Res

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Mass aggregations of the giant jellyfish Cyanea nozakii have occurred in China since the end of the 20th century. In particular, C. nozakii bloomed abnormally in Liaodong Bay during July and August of 2004 and the catch of edible Rhopilema esculentum was greatly reduced. In order to clarify the causes leading to mass occurrences of C. nozakii, the reproductive cycle and morphological characters of this species were compared with other common jellyfish species using data from both laboratory-rearing experiments and field investigations. The results showed that, in particular, settling of planulae and asexual reproductive strategies of scyphystomae made C. nozakii more capable of thriving under unfavorable physical conditions than R. esculentum. The ephyrae of Nemopilema nomurai, R. esculentum, C. nozakii, Aurelia aurita, Rhopilema hispidum and Rhopilema asamushi were differentiated by different shapes of lappets, rhopalar clefts, gastric filaments and nematocyst batteries. In addition, the life cycle of C. nozakii was compared with earlier reports on the life cycle of Cyanea capillata, R. esculentum, Rhizostoma pulmo, Stomolophus meleagris and N. nomurai, and the morphology of adult C. nozakii was compared and contrasted with species of the genus Cyanea (C. capillata, C. ferruginea and C. purpurea).

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Spawning site distribution of a bluefin tuna reduces jellyfish predation on early life stages

Ottmann

Fiksen

Martín

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Bluefin tunas across the world migrate long distances to spawn in particularly warm and oligotrophic areas constrained by oceanographic fronts. The low abundance of predators in these areas increases survival chances of their early life stages, but its importance for choice of spawning habitat is unknown. Here, we use estimated clearance rates and data on spatial distributions of Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae Thunnus thynnus and metaephyrae of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca to quantify predation at a major spawning ground in the Mediterranean Sea. We found that high densities of P. noctiluca can rapidly deplete tuna eggs and preflexion larvae, but their patchy distribution and low spatial and temporal overlap results in overall low predation. The specific distribution of the spawning sites suggests that bluefin tunas may use local oceanography as cues to spawn outside areas with high predator densities.

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Unusual population explosion of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in East Asian waters

Cited by 224 publications

References 27 publications

Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas

Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas

Comparison of life cycles and morphology of Cyanea nozakii and other scyphozoans

Spawning site distribution of a bluefin tuna reduces jellyfish predation on early life stages

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