Unusual formation of the musculocutaneous and median nerves: a case report refined by intraneural dissection and literature review

Clarke, Edwin; Tubbs, R. Shane; Radek, Maciej; Haładaj, Robert; Tomaszewski, Marcel; Wysiadecki, Grzegorz

doi:10.5603/fm.a2020.0121

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The anatomical variation of the axillary artery is clinically important because various blood vessels and nerves pass through it [15][16][17]. In particular, branches of the axillary artery are quite diverse from the bases, with two or three arteries branching together.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies about the patterns and origins of the axillary artery branches and their correlation are important for 5 BioMed Research International clinicians [4][5][6]. Patients with severe trauma to the shoulder and upper chest should be clinically assessed for vascular damage and musculoskeletal evaluation [12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, it will be helpful to recognize and understand such a variation, even in radiographic procedures, to increase the accuracy of the technique and to reduce unnecessary complications [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The axillary artery variation is a concern during these procedures [12][13][14]. For better clinical procedures, detailed knowledge of anatomical relationships of the axillary artery and distribution of its branches is crucial [15][16][17][18]. Therefore, topography of the axillary artery and its branches should be studied and their association needed to be discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topography and Anatomical Variations of the Axillary Artery

Yang

Lee

Choi

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Knowledge of anatomical variations of the limb’s main arteries is significant for the clinicians. Thus, this study is aimed at examining the branching pattern and anatomical variations of the axillary artery. We conducted research on 59 upper limbs of adult human donated cadavers. All axillary artery branches’ origins were assessed, and the correlations between points of origins and variations of specific branches were evaluated. The average length of the axillary artery was found to be 11.22 cm, and this length was defined as reference line. Based on this reference line, the first, second, and third parts were 37.56%, 39%, and 30.05%, respectively. The STA was originated from 25.11%. The TAA and LTA were 42.67% and 54.82%, respectively. The SSA, ACHA, and PCHA were 64.72%, 83.89%, and 84.53%, respectively. The origin of LTA was correlated with that of SSA ( R = 0.473 , P < 0.05 ) and AHCA ( R = 0.307 , P < 0.05 ), respectively. And there was a positive correlation between AHCA and PHCA ( R = 0.705 , P < 0.05 ). The number of branches ranged from 3~6, and 9 types were shown. The most frequent branching pattern was common origin of the LTA and SSA (22/59). And AHCA and PHCA were originated together in 19 cases, and both patterns were combined in 12 cases. TTA and LTA branched together in 9 cases, and common trunk for the SSA, PHCA, and AHCA was found in 2 cases. According to this pattern, the origin of LTA and PCHA was significantly different. This information is particularly useful for surgeons and clinicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topography and Anatomical Variations of the Axillary Artery

Yang

Lee

Choi

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…This is especially true regarding the median nerve and musculocutaneous nerves formation 10,11,12,13 . A partial or complete fusion between the median and musculocutaneous nerves may occasionally be observed 11,12 Median nerve roots may be elongated and may merge into one common trunk outside the axillary cavity, within the arm10. Atypical communications may also exist between the musculocutaneous and median nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Musculocutaneous and median nerve branching: anatomical variations. Case Series from UR clinical anatomy and literature review

Kubwimana¹,

Ndata²,

Ivang³

et al. 2022

Afr H. Sci.

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Introduction: The brachial plexus is highly variable, which is a well-known anatomical fact. Repeated observations on anatomical variations, however, constitute current trends in anatomical research. Case series: In an anatomical dissection course, three uncommon variations in the brachial plexus were identified in three young adults’ cadavers. In one case, the musculocutaneous nerve gave a branch to the median nerve, while the median nerve gave or received musculocutaneous branches in the two remaining corpses. Conclusion: Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus do occur in our setting. The cases we presented are about anatomical variations of branching patterns of the median and musculocutaneous nerves. Knowledge of those variations is essential for surgery and regional anesthesia of the upper limbs. Keywords: Anatomical variations; brachial plexus; median nerve; musculocutaneous nerve; upper limb.

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“…Anatomical variations of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles may occasionally be accompanied by an atypical course of nerves or arteries [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, and Pectoralis Minor Muscles and Their Correlation with Bifurcated Coracoid Process

Zielinska

Tubbs

Podgórski

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis muscle and the short head of the biceps brachii and the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor. Their correlation with the bifurcated coracoid process (CP) will be also assessed. On the basis of these observations, a new classification of structures attached to the coracoid process is proposed. Classical anatomical dissection was performed on one hundred forty-five upper limbs. Three types of relationship between the coracobrachialis muscle and the short head of the biceps brachii were observed in the cadavers. In type I (occurring in 54%), the coracobrachialis and the short head of the biceps brachii created a common junction attached to a single CP. Type II was divided into two subtypes (a and b). Subtype IIa (frequency 10%) was represented by independent proximal attachments of the short head of the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis muscles to the CP. In subtype IIb (frequency 5%), the coracobrachialis muscle was two-headed (the first head located under the second) and not connected to the short head of the biceps brachii; all heads were attached to a single CP. Type III (frequency 31%) was characterized by a two-headed coracobrachialis muscle, the first head originating from a bifurcated CP laterally to the short head of the biceps brachii and the second medially to this structure. Different variations connected with the mentioned structures could be problematic for surgeons during operations, so detailed knowledge of them could contribute to more efficient procedures.

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Unusual formation of the musculocutaneous and median nerves: a case report refined by intraneural dissection and literature review

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Topography and Anatomical Variations of the Axillary Artery

Topography and Anatomical Variations of the Axillary Artery

Musculocutaneous and median nerve branching: anatomical variations. Case Series from UR clinical anatomy and literature review

Relationships among Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, and Pectoralis Minor Muscles and Their Correlation with Bifurcated Coracoid Process

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