Unusual formation of a N-heterocyclic germylene via homolytic cleavage of a C–C bond

Abstract

Reaction of the monoanionic radical salt IP˙(-)K(+) (IP = (Py)CH(=NR); Py = C5H4N, R = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; α-iminopyridine) with GeCl2(dioxane) afforded compound (IPGeCl)2 (1) which produced red blocks of IPGe: (2), when treated with KC8 in toluene. 1 is a digermylene formed via C-C coupling between two carbon-centered radicals. 2 can be considered as an analogue of a N-heterocyclic carbene, which exhibits a five-membered GeC2N2 ring with one C=C double bond. 2 is formed by two-electron reduction of 1 with cleavage of the two Ge-Cl bonds and the central C-C single bond.

Oxidation-reduction alternating copolymerization of germylene and N-phenyl-p-quinoneimine

“…Additionally, the smaller g-value implies the increased tetrahedral character of the germyl radical geometry, although all of the hfc values are in a very narrow range. The g-value for 4 (g = 1.9988) was close to those for 5a (1.9986), Scheme 2 (a) Germyl radicals (4) bonded to three nitrogen atoms formed from the reaction of 1a and 2 (100 : 60 molar ratio), and (b) germyl radicals (5) bonded to two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. 10 3 (1.9991), suggesting that these four radicals have a similar geometry on the centered germanium.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In the polymerization chemistry field, there are few examples of their use as a monomer or a catalyst (initiator) because of the difficulty faced in handling them, such as inducing self-oligomerization, such difficulties are caused by the compounds' instability. Germylenes have a strong reducing ability and are generally observed as a short-lived reaction intermediate.…”

AurOrGlass: ORMOSIL Sol‐Gel Glasses Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Advanced Optical Applications

“…This is clearly shown by the behaviour of Au nanorods entrapped in an ORMOSIL obtained from 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) and TEOS. [16] Employing an irradiation beam of 5.0 ns laser pulses at 532 nm, the ORMOSIL glass sheet (1.5 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness) doped with 0.192% Au nanorods showed both excellent optical limiting effect and high damage threshold ( Figure 1).…”

“…Noting the importance of protection materials against the laser damage, the team concluded that this nanocomposite material is a promising candidate for optical limiter, especially due to the enhanced thermal stability of the ORMOSIL glass matrix. [16]…”

“…Which advances in nanochemistry can be applied to further expand control on the SPR and other optical properties of these glasses? Which hurdles need to be overcome to realize the potential of at least some of the "plethora of applications" [8] mentioned in the introductory text of almost all optical research articles devoted to silica-based materials functionalized with Au nanocrystals?…”