Unusual Features of Pomoviral RNA Movement

Torrance, L.; Wright, Kathryn M.; Crutzen, François; Cowan, G. H.; Lukhovitskaya, Nina I.; Bragard, Claude; Savenkov, Eugene I.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00259

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As the nucleolar fibrillarin is known to play an essential role in long-distance movement of an Umbravirus (see below), interaction with fibrillarin may represent a more general mode of action promoting viral systemic trafficking. Similar in vitro interactions between PMTV TGB1 and fibrillarin were reported (Wright et al, 2010; Torrance et al, 2011) but relevance of these interactions in long-distance movement of hordeiviruses remains to be assessed (Solovyev et al, 2012). …”

Section: Viral Determinants Which Facilitate Long-distance Movementsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Interestingly, Potato mop-top virus (PMTV, Pomovirus ) was shown to move simultaneously in the form of RNP complexes and virions, the three RNAs of this multipartite virus being transported in different forms (see also below in the next section; McGeachy and Barker, 2000; Savenkov, 2003; Torrance et al, 2009, 2011; Wright et al, 2010). Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is another example for which systemic movement of each of the three genomic RNA may occur in different forms, and may involve constitution of RNP complexes with cellular factors.…”

Section: Viral Complexes Transported Over Long-distancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral and Cellular Factors Involved in Phloem Transport of Plant Viruses

Hipper¹,

Brault²,

et al. 2013

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Phloem transport of plant viruses is an essential step in the setting-up of a complete infection of a host plant. After an initial replication step in the first cells, viruses spread from cell-to-cell through mesophyll cells, until they reach the vasculature where they rapidly move to distant sites in order to establish the infection of the whole plant. This last step is referred to as systemic transport, or long-distance movement, and involves virus crossings through several cellular barriers: bundle sheath, vascular parenchyma, and companion cells for virus loading into sieve elements (SE). Viruses are then passively transported within the source-to-sink flow of photoassimilates and are unloaded from SE into sink tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms governing virus long-distance movement are far from being understood. While most viruses seem to move systemically as virus particles, some viruses are transported in SE as viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP). The nature of the cellular and viral factors constituting these RNPs is still poorly known. The topic of this review will mainly focus on the host and viral factors that facilitate or restrict virus long-distance movement.

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Section: Viral Determinants Which Facilitate Long-distance Movementsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Viral Complexes Transported Over Long-distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Cellular Factors Involved in Phloem Transport of Plant Viruses

Hipper¹,

Brault²,

et al. 2013

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“…These predictions are validated by the observation that the isolated N-terminal fragments of TGB1 can partly localize to the nucleolus (Wright et al, 2010; Semashko et al, 2012a). Moreover, mutations of basic residues in this region of the hordei-like pomovirus TGB1 protein abolish its nucleolar accumulation (Torrance et al, 2011). Similarly, mutagenesis of the basic amino acid residues in predicted hordeivirus NoLS A (aa107-136) and B (aa171-194) reveal that these protein regions are indeed involved in the protein localization to the nucleolus (Semashko et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Possible Link Between the Tgb1 Nucleolar Localization And VImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibrillarin is known to interact with the umbravirus ORF3 protein in the nucleolus, and this complex re-locates from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and takes part in the formation of viral cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), which are capable of long-distance movement (Taliansky et al, 2010). In the hordeivirus and pomovirus TGB1 proteins, positively charged motifs corresponding to NoLS proved to be dispensable for the virus transport from cell-to-cell but necessary for the long-distance virus movement (Kalinina et al, 2001; Wright et al, 2010; Torrance et al, 2011). Collectively, these data suggest that, unlike viruses with the potex-like TGB where the nuclear localization of the TGB1 protein is due to its functions in suppression of RNA silencing, the localization of hordei-like TGB1 to the nucleus/nucleolus may result from its functions in virus long-distance movement.…”

Section: Possible Link Between the Tgb1 Nucleolar Localization And VImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the molecular mechanism of triple gene block (TGB)-mediated cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses was extensively studied and reviewed (Morozov and Solovyev, 2003; Verchot-Lubicz et al, 2010; Hyun et al, 2011; Niehl and Heinlein, 2011; Schoelz et al, 2011; Torrance et al, 2011). Three overlapping TGB genes encode proteins designated TGB1, which contains the domain of RNA helicase of superfamily 1, TGB2 and TGB3, which are small membrane-associated proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Research of Plant Virus Movement Mediated by Triple Gene Block

Solovyev¹,

Калинина²,

Morozov³

2012

Front. Plant Sci.

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The aim of this short review was to summarize recent advances in the field of viral cell-to-cell movement mediated by the triple gene block (TGB). The growing body of new research has uncovered links between virus cell-to-cell trafficking and replication, silencing suppression, virus spread over the plant, as well as suggested the roles of nucleus/nucleolus in plant virus transport and revealed protein-membrane associations occurring during subcellular targeting and cell-to-cell movement. In this context, our review briefly summarized current views on several potentially important functions of TGB proteins and on the development of new experimental systems that improved understanding of the molecular events during TGB-mediated virus movement.

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Plant Virus Movement

Tilsner

Taliansky

Torrance

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Plant virus movement is the process of the spread of virus genetic material from the initially infected cells to the rest of the plant. There are several distinct stages including intracellular movement from sites of virus replication to plasmodesmata (PD) (plant‐specific intercellular nanopores), cell‐to‐cell trafficking through PD and long‐distance movement between organs through the phloem (the specialized vascular system used by plants for the transport of assimilates and macromolecules). Transport is mediated by virus‐encoded ‘movement’ proteins. Several different types of movement proteins can be distinguished, which share properties such as nucleic acid binding, targeting and dilation of PD, and intercellular movement. These functions can be distributed amongst several movement proteins. Some movement proteins form a hollow tubule through PD which allows the passage of virus particles, but for the majority of viruses, the precise mechanism of transport through PD is still unknown. Key Concepts: Plant viruses need to overcome the barrier of the cell wall to spread from the initially infected cells to the rest of the plant. Local cell‐to‐cell movement occurs through PD which are plant‐specific membrane‐lined nanopores that connect adjoining cells. Long‐distance movement between plant organs occurs through the phloem, one of the two components of the plant's vasculature. Viral cell‐to‐cell movement constitutes an extreme population bottleneck and needs to stay ahead of plant defence signals trafficking through the same channels. Movement is mediated by one or several virus‐encoded movement proteins, which facilitate transport of virus genomes or virus particles between cells. The transported form of the viral genome is usually either a virus particle that can be modified, or a nonvirion ribonucleoprotein complex containing RNA and movement proteins. Local and long‐distance movement forms can be different. Two different movement mechanisms are observed: insertion of a MP‐comprised tubule into PD that forms a conduit for virus particles, or tubule‐less movement by an unknown mechanism. Mechanisms contributing to PD dilation may include breakdown of the polysaccharide callose in the surrounding cell wall and severing of actin filaments. Viruses use elements of the cell's cytoskeleton and/or endomembrane system to get from replication sites to PD, or replication and movement can be spatially linked at PD. Nuclear host factors are required for long‐distance movement of some viruses.

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Unusual Features of Pomoviral RNA Movement

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Viral and Cellular Factors Involved in Phloem Transport of Plant Viruses

Viral and Cellular Factors Involved in Phloem Transport of Plant Viruses

Recent Advances in Research of Plant Virus Movement Mediated by Triple Gene Block

Plant Virus Movement

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