Unusual characteristics of Codium fragile chloroplast DNA revealed by physical and gene mapping

Manhart, James R.; Kelly, Kevin; Dudock, Bernard S.; Palmer, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1007/bf00334385

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…A completely autonomous plastid is one possibility. It may be more than a coincidence that Codium fragile, one of the shorter-lived plastid endosymbionts (Greene, 1970), also possesses the smallest chloroplast genome reported (89 kb) (Manhart et al, 1989). V. litorea's plastid genome (119.1 kb) is significantly larger than C. fragile's, but much smaller than the red alga, Porphyra purpurea (191 kb), which represents the largest chloroplast genome studied (Reith and Munholland, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mollusc-Algal Chloroplast Endosymbiosis. Photosynthesis, Thylakoid Protein Maintenance, and Chloroplast Gene Expression Continue for Many Months in the Absence of the Algal Nucleus

et al. 2000

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Early in its life cycle, the marine mollusc Elysia chlorotica Gould forms an intracellular endosymbiotic association with chloroplasts of the chromophytic alga Vaucheria litorea C. Agardh. As a result, the dark green sea slug can be sustained in culture solely by photoautotrophic CO 2 fixation for at least 9 months if provided with only light and a source of CO 2 . Here we demonstrate that the sea slug symbiont chloroplasts maintain photosynthetic oxygen evolution and electron transport activity through photosystems I and II for several months in the absence of any external algal food supply. This activity is correlated to the maintenance of functional levels of chloroplast-encoded photosystem proteins, due in part at least to de novo protein synthesis of chloroplast proteins in the sea slug. Levels of at least one putative algal nuclear encoded protein, a light-harvesting complex protein homolog, were also maintained throughout the 9-month culture period. The chloroplast genome of V. litorea was found to be 119.1 kb, similar to that of other chromophytic algae. Southern analysis and polymerase chain reaction did not detect an algal nuclear genome in the slug, in agreement with earlier microscopic observations. Therefore, the maintenance of photosynthetic activity in the captured chloroplasts is regulated solely by the algal chloroplast and animal nuclear genomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mollusc-Algal Chloroplast Endosymbiosis. Photosynthesis, Thylakoid Protein Maintenance, and Chloroplast Gene Expression Continue for Many Months in the Absence of the Algal Nucleus

et al. 2000

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“…Algal genomes show more variability in the organization of their str operon. In Chlamydomonas reinhardii rps l 2, rps 7 and tufA are separated from each other [2,29], in Codium fragile tufA seems not to be linked to the ribosomal genes [32 ]. However, in Euglena gracilis the reduced str operon is preserved with two introns within tufA [35,36] (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cyanelle str operon from Cyanophora paradoxa: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic implications

1990

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The str operon containing the genes for the ribosomal proteins S12 (rps12) and S7 (rps7) and for the elongation factors G (fus) and Tu (tufA) has been characterized for some cyanobacteria and chloroplasts from algae and higher plants. In the case of plastids a stepwise reduction by one and two genes, respectively, has been observed due to gene transfer to the nuclear genome. The nucleotide sequence of the str operon on the cyanelle genome from Cyanophora paradoxa was determined as a first example for a chlorophyll b-less plastid. It comprises rps12, rps7 and tufA which are closely linked and not interrupted by introns. Transcript analysis revealed cotranscription of the two ribosomal protein genes whereas tufA gave rise to a monocistronic mRNA. Phylogenetic studies using these three different traits allowed an assessment of the position of Cyanophora paradoxa among oxygenic photoautotrophs.

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“…Francis et al, 1987;Manhart et al, 1989;Goff et al, 1992), relatively few studies have addressed the phylogeny of the genus. Pedroche (2001) analysed fragments of 716 base pairs of the large subunit ribosomal gene (LSU rDNA) of the mitochondrial genome of ten Pacific Mexican Codium taxa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis ofCodiumspecies from Brazil, with the description of the new speciesC. pernambucensis(Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta)

Oliveira-Carvalho¹,

Oliveira²,

Pereira³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Phycology

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The genus Codium comprises c. 125 species widely distributed in marine coastal environments throughout the world. Due to morphological plasticity, the taxonomic delimitation of Codium species can be difficult. Sequences of the first exon of the large subunit of RUBISCO (rbcL) have been used in the molecular delimitation of species and for phylogenetic purposes. In the present study, we complement previous morphological work on Brazilian Codium species with molecular systematics. Based on the partial rbcL sequences, seven species are recognized along the Brazilian coast: C. decorticatum, C. intertextum, C. isthmocladum, C. profundum, C. spongiosum, C. taylorii and the new species Codium pernambucensis. Ten unique sequences were obtained among the samples examined, which we used in combination with previously published sequences to infer molecular phylogenies using various methods. The resulting trees showed three principal monophyletic groupings: Clade A with species having a prostrate habit, not branched, and mostly with small, grouped utricles; Clade B primarily consisting of upright species with cylindrical branches and large individual utricles; and Clade C composed of upright species with cylindrical branches that are slightly flattened, and have intermediate-sized individual utricles. The Brazilian species grouped with morphologically similar taxa from other geographic localities, and are present in all three main clades. A new sprawling species, Codium pernambucensis is described based on morphology and molecular analyses.

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Unusual characteristics of Codium fragile chloroplast DNA revealed by physical and gene mapping

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Mollusc-Algal Chloroplast Endosymbiosis. Photosynthesis, Thylakoid Protein Maintenance, and Chloroplast Gene Expression Continue for Many Months in the Absence of the Algal Nucleus

Mollusc-Algal Chloroplast Endosymbiosis. Photosynthesis, Thylakoid Protein Maintenance, and Chloroplast Gene Expression Continue for Many Months in the Absence of the Algal Nucleus

The cyanelle str operon from Cyanophora paradoxa: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic implications

Phylogenetic analysis ofCodiumspecies from Brazil, with the description of the new speciesC. pernambucensis(Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta)

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