Unusual Baculovirus of the Parasitoid Wasp
            <i>Apanteles melanoscelus</i>
            : Isolation and Preliminary Characterization

Krell, Peter J.; Stoltz, Donald B.

doi:10.1128/jvi.29.3.1118-1130.1979

Cited by 57 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…During oviposition by C. congregata, the female wasp injects PDV virions into the hemolymph of the host larva, and within 1 h after parasitization naked PDV nucleocapsids are aligned at the nuclear pores of host cells 1121. Small numbers of filamentous virus-like particles (FVLP) also are present in other subsets of calyx cells in addition to the extracellular calyx fluid, with the PDV:FVLP ratio estimated to be several thousand to one in the extracellular calyx fluid [121. Similar long filamentous particles have been observed in other species of Cotesia [13,14], but their physiological role remains as yet ill-defined, since they have not been purified or characterized with respect to their genome. In contrast, the PDVs have been more closely examined with regard to their physiological role($ and interaction with the host, and are hypothesized to cause major changes in the host's immune system 115,161 and endocrine functioning [17,18] that allow the parasite to develop successfully while redirecting the host's physiology 1191.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Characterization and biological effects of cotesia congregata polydnavirus on host larvae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta

Beckage

Tan

Schleifer

et al. 1994

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

130

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The ovaries of endoparasitic species of braconid and ichneumonid wasps contain large numbers of polydnavirus (PDV) virions that replicate in specialized calyx cells of the ovaries and are injected into the host larva during parasitization. In the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata that parasitizes the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, the total amount of viral DNA present in the ovaries was determined to be 25-75 ng. Analysis of viral DNA on 0.4% agarose gels showed that the genome was comprised of 15-20 circles of double-stranded DNA. SDS-PAGE analyses showed that a large number (>30) of structural polypeptides were present in the virions, and analysis of the venom likewise showed that multiple components were present. The major size classes of venom proteins differed from those present in the PDV. However, Western blots using polyclonal PDV antibodies showed that some cross-reacting PDV-like proteins were present in the venom, perhaps explaining the mild PDV-enhancing effect of the venom. Injection of PDV into unparasitized larvae provoked pronounced alterations in their growth, development, pigmentation, and hemolymph proteins. A densely staining band of hemolymph proteins of approximately 18-20 kD appeared in large amounts relative to other hemolymph proteins several days following injection of PDV; this band was undetectable in naturally parasitized larvae. Eggs which had been washed extensively to remove PDVs were encapsulated following injection, but development of the host still was disrupted, usually in the post-wandering prepupal stage. Thus,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Characterization and biological effects of cotesia congregata polydnavirus on host larvae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta

Beckage

Tan

Schleifer

et al. 1994

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

130

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“…An increasing number of symbiotic non-poly DNA viruses of parasitic wasps have been described to date (see other papers in this issue). These include the DNA viruses Diadromus pulchellus ascovirus-4 (DpAV4) (Bigot et al, 1997) and a putative baculovirus from wasps of coleopterans (Krell and Stoltz, 1979;Stoltz, 1981). RNA viruses including reo viruses (Bigot et al, 1995;Stoltz and Makkay, 2000), a cypovirus of D. pulchellus (RV-2) (Renault et al, 2003), and a picornalike virus have also been discovered from wasps of lepidopterans (see papers in this issue).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of selected genes from Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus and other poxviruses

Hashimoto

Lawrence

2005

Journal of Insect Physiology

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The Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (DlEPV) is the first symbiotic EPV described from a parasitic wasp. The DlEPV is introduced into the tephritid fruit fly larval host along with the wasp egg at oviposition. We sequenced a shotgun genomic library of the DlEPV DNA and analyzed and compared the predicted protein sequences of eight ORFs with those of selected poxviruses and other organisms. BlastP searches showed that five of these are homologous to poxvirus putative proteins such as metalloprotease, a putative membrane protein, late transcription factor-3, virion surface protein, and poly (A) polymerase (PAP) regulatory small subunit. Three of these are similar to those of other organisms such as the gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) of Arabidopsis thaliana, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) of Caenorhabditis briggsae and lambda phage integrase (lambda-Int) of Enterococcus faecium. Transcription motifs for early (TGA,A/T,XXXXA) or late (TAAATG, TAAT, or TAAAT) gene expression conserved in poxviruses were identified with those ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple alignments of five ORFs and 20 poxvirus homologous sequences and of a concatenate of multiple alignments suggested that DlEPV probably diverged from the ancestral node between the fowlpox virus and the genus B, lepidopteran and orthopteran EPVs, to which Amsacta moorei and Melanoplus sanguinipes EPV, respectively, belong. The DlEPV putative GGT, eIF4A, and lambda-Int contained many conserved domains that typified these proteins. These homologues may be involved in either viral pathogenicity or enhancing parasitism via the gamma-glutamyl cycle and compensation of eIF4A levels in the parasitized fly, or via the integration of a portion of the viral genome into the wasp and/or parasitized fly.

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“…Electron microscopy has been the major tool for studying parasitoid viruses in the parasitoid and in host caterpillars. The molecular biology of only two of these viruses has been studied in detail (15,16), one from the braconid Apanteles melanoscelus and the other from the ichneumonid Hyposoter exiguae (HeV). A survey of the viruses from field-collected parasitoid species (30) shows that these viruses also appear to be unique in having a collection of superhelical (SH) polydisperse DNAs of various sizes as genomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus with a Multipartite Superhelical DNA Genome from the Ichneumonid Parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis

Krell¹,

Summers²,

Vinson³

1982

J Virol

Self Cite

133

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Virus was isolated from the lumen of the calyx region of ovaries in the parasitoid wasp Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the nature of the viral DNA was analyzed. DNA purified from a homogeneous band of virus contained double-stranded superhelical molecules which were polydisperse in molecular weight. At least 25 different covalently closed circles were present, ranging in molecular weight from 4.0 x 106 to 13.6 x 106. The virus DNA was analyzed with restriction enzymes, and the nature of the genetic complexity was evaluated by Southern blot hybridization of native superhelical and relaxed circular virus DNA and of Salland HindIII-digested DNA. The data suggest that most of the variously sized covalently closed DNAs were composed primarily of nonhomologous sequences. The different size classes of covalently closed viral DNAs did not appear to exist in equimolar concentrations. However, there was no evidence from observation of virus particles in the electron microscope or from virus fractionation experiments that a mixture of viruses was present in the calyx fluid. The results from this study suggest, that the virus isolated from C. sonorensis, like those isolated from other endoparasitic hymenoptera, may belong to a new class of DNA viruses in which the genome is multipartite, with each DNA existing as a superhelical molecule. The virus-like particles which occur in many species of endoparasitic hymenoptera belonging to the superfamily Ichneumonoidea (for a review, see reference 34) (12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 28, 29, 31, 42) are currently classified as subgroup C baculoviruses (18). Virus replication in the female parasitoid is intranuclear and restricted to the nuclei of the calyx (a specialized region of the oviduct) epithelial cells (20, 21, 29, 31, 34). Virus is secreted from the calyx cells and accumulates to a high concentration within the calyx lumen as part of a "calyx fluid." It is injected with the parasitoid egg into host caterpillars during oviposition. Certain experimental evidence indicates that a component of the calyx fluid protects the parasitoid egg from encapsulation within the hemocoel of its habitual host (19, 29-34, 40, 41). A component(s) of the calyx fluid may also be involved in mediating some of the physiological changes that occur in the host after parasitization and which are apparently of some ultimate benefit to the parasitoid (5, 6, 9-11, 14, 38, 39). Vinson and co-workers initially demonstrated that the calyx fluid of Campoletis sonorensis prevents encapsulation of its eggs in its habitual

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Unusual Baculovirus of the Parasitoid Wasp Apanteles melanoscelus : Isolation and Preliminary Characterization

Cited by 57 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization and biological effects of cotesia congregata polydnavirus on host larvae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta

Characterization and biological effects of cotesia congregata polydnavirus on host larvae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta

Comparative analysis of selected genes from Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus and other poxviruses

Virus with a Multipartite Superhelical DNA Genome from the Ichneumonid Parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis

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