Untreated urban waste contaminates Indian river sediments with resistance genes to last resort antibiotics

Marathe, Nachiket P.; Pal, Chandan; Gaikwad, Swapnil; Jönsson, Viktor; Kristiansson, Erik; Larsson, D. G. Joakim

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.060

Cited by 157 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In countries with low to middle-income economies, untreated wastewaters from households and pharmaceutical industries are discharged into natural environments without prior treatment, and this has been shown to increase antibioticresistant bacteria in the environment [46]. In Sweden, however, the regulations for wastewater disposal have been strict since the approval of the Environmental Protection Act in 1969.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Related carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates detected in both a hospital and associated aquatic environment in Sweden

Khan

Hellmark

Ehricht

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Carbapenem antibiotics are one of the last-resort agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in wastewater and aquatic environments is an indication of MDR bacteria in the community. This study evaluated CPE in aquatic environments and compared them to the local hospital isolates in Sweden. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of antibiotic resistance of environmental and clinical CPE were performed. The relatedness of the isolates and possible clonal dissemination was evaluated using phylogenetic and phyloproteomic analysis. Klebsiella oxytoca carrying carbapenemase genes (bla, bla) were isolated from wastewater and the recipient river, while K. oxytoca (bla) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (bla, bla, bla, bla) were isolated from patients at the local clinics or hospital. The K. oxytoca classified as sequence type 172 (ST172) isolated from the river was genotypically related to two clinical isolates recovered from patients. The similarity between environmental and clinical isolates suggests the dispersion of bla producing K. oxytoca ST172 from hospital to aquatic environment and the likelihood of its presence in the community. This is the first report of CPE in aquatic environments in Sweden; therefore, surveillance of aquatic and hospital environments for CPE in other urban areas is important to determine the major transfer routes in order to formulate strategies to prevent the spread of MDR bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Related carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates detected in both a hospital and associated aquatic environment in Sweden

Khan

Hellmark

Ehricht

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Antibiotic-resistant genes conferring resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics have been identified in a large range of water environments including drinking water in both developed and developing countries [3, 4]. The main risk for public health is that resistance genes are transferred from environmental bacteria to human pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliIsolated from Drinking Water Sources

Odonkor

Addo

2018

International Journal of Microbiology

101

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The control of infectious diseases is badly endangered by the rise in the number of microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents. This is because infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to conventional treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are also present in various water sources. This study therefore sought to document the microbiological quality and antibiograms of bacterial isolates (E. coli strains) from six different water sources in order to determine their safety for human consumption and to provide updated antibiotic data for pragmatic treatment of patients. Bacteria isolation and identification was done using API and conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results obtained indicated that all the water sources tested were of poor quality. Bacteria isolated included E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholera, Shigella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli was 49.48%. E. coli isolates showed high resistance patterns to the tested antibiotics. They were most resistant to penicillin (32.99%), cefuroxime (28.87%), erythromycin (23.71%), and tetracycline (21.45%). In contrast, they were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (93.8%), cefotaxime and amikacin (91.75%), gentamicin (90.7%), nalidixic acid (89.65%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%), chloramphenicol (69.07%), pipemidic acid (65.97%), and cefuroxime (52.58%). Sixty-three percent (63%) of the multidrug-resistant E. coli strains recorded a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value >0.2. The susceptible antibiotics, especially the nitrofurantoin, are hence recommended in the practical treatment of waterborne bacterial diseases.

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“…They have identified the 175 ARGs including the bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, tet X, bla OXA-58, mcr-1 etc. using shotgun metagenomics approach [41]. Furthermore, study from Diwan et al reported the presence of ARG types (beta-lactams, quinolone etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies advocate the abundance of distinct antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their reservoirs. There are several environmental sources i.e., soil [39, 40], sediments [41, 42], sewage [43], activated sludge [44], human gut microbiota [45], human feces [46], animal waste [46], drinking water [47], surface water [48, 49], river water [50], wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [51, 52], glaciers [53] etc. are known to have diverse type of ARGs and considered to be hotspots for same.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and diversity of phages, microbial taxa and antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments of the river Ganges through metagenomic approach

Kumar

Gupta

Sudan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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14In the present study, we have analyzed the metagenomic DNA from the pooled sediment 15 sample of the river Ganges to explore the abundance and diversity of phages, microbial 16 community and antibiotic resistance genes. Utilizing data from Illumina platform, 4174 17 (~0.0013%) reads were classified for the 285 different DNA viruses largely dominated by the 18 group of 260 distinctive phages (3602 reads, ~86.3%). Among all, Microcystis (782 hits), 19

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Untreated urban waste contaminates Indian river sediments with resistance genes to last resort antibiotics

Cited by 157 publications

References 62 publications

Related carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates detected in both a hospital and associated aquatic environment in Sweden

Related carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates detected in both a hospital and associated aquatic environment in Sweden

Prevalence of Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliIsolated from Drinking Water Sources

Abundance and diversity of phages, microbial taxa and antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments of the river Ganges through metagenomic approach

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