Untersuchungen zum Wirkungsmechanismus von Unterarmw�rgetechniken

Abstract

Two cases of death caused by the use of choke holds are reported; four different types of choke holds used in combative sports were investigated. In experiments on corpses it was found that even relatively little expenditure of strength can impede the passage of fluid not only through the internal carotid artery but also through the vertebral artery, depending on the respective choke hold. Fractures of the larynx cannot be expected as often as after typical throttling. However, a quick loss in defense capacity was found experimentally, and this always occurred within 15 s. Pulse frequency and blood pressure were recorded. Injuries to the neck are minor and may not be typical.

Injuries due to Asphyxiation and Drowning

“…4. Foamy discharge from the nostrils: one of the fatalities published by Denk and Missliwetz (1988) exhibited this finding.…”

“…This effect is similar to neck compressions that are carried out with blood pressure cuffs. Carotid sleeper holds may result in loss of consciousness in less than 15 seconds (Denk and Missliwetz 1988).…”

“…Petechiae/congestion syndrome: petechiae may be present in the conjunctivae, while congestion syndromes evidently do not occur (Reay and Eisele 1982;Denk and Missliwetz 1988).…”

“…Nevertheless, kneeling or leaning on the victim may not invariably cause 2. Haemorrhages in the skin below the lower jaw: these findings were observed on the edge of the lower jaw (Denk and Missliwetz 1988). 3.…”

“…Injuries to the skin of the neck: no such findings were reported in the cases publicised. Streaky haemorrhages may be present, possibly caused by tension applied to items of clothing (Denk and Missliwetz 1988). 4.…”